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Apache Cassandra
来自开放百科 - 灰狐
（版本间的差异）
小 (→Spark) |
小 (→项目) |
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| （未显示1个用户的14个中间版本） | |||
| 第78行： | 第78行： | ||
cqlsh:mykeyspace> select now(), uuid(), token() from mykeyspace.users; | cqlsh:mykeyspace> select now(), uuid(), token() from mykeyspace.users; | ||
| + | |||
| + | You have to be logged in and not anonymous to perform this request | ||
| + | vim cassandra.yaml | ||
| + | authenticator: PasswordAuthenticator | ||
| + | 创建新用户 | ||
| + | cassandra@cqlsh> create role huihoo with superuser = true and login = true and password = 'huihoo'; | ||
| + | cassandra@cqlsh> list roles; | ||
===Tools=== | ===Tools=== | ||
| 第142行： | 第149行： | ||
(user type) com.datastax.driver.core.UDTValue | (user type) com.datastax.driver.core.UDTValue | ||
(tuple type) com.datastax.driver.core.TupleValue | (tuple type) com.datastax.driver.core.TupleValue | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==项目== | ||
| + | [https://github.com/topics/cassandra Apache Cassandra Topics] | ||
| + | *[https://github.com/strapdata/elassandra Elassandra] = [[Elasticsearch]] + Apache Cassandra | ||
| + | *[https://github.com/OpenNMS/newts Newts] is a time-series data store based on Apache Cassandra. | ||
==C++== | ==C++== | ||
| 第190行： | 第202行： | ||
*[https://github.com/tbarbugli/cassandra_snapshotter Cassandra Snapshotter] | *[https://github.com/tbarbugli/cassandra_snapshotter Cassandra Snapshotter] | ||
*[https://github.com/hailocab/ctop CTOP ("Top for Cassandra")] | *[https://github.com/hailocab/ctop CTOP ("Top for Cassandra")] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==IDE== | ||
| + | [https://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/development/ide.html Building and IDE Integration] | ||
| + | *[https://downloads.datastax.com/#devcenter DataStax DevCenter] 已不再更新维护 [https://github.com/Patipat-Chuensuwannakul/devcenter @ GitHub] | ||
| + | *[https://downloads.datastax.com/#desktop DataStax Desktop] | ||
| + | *[https://downloads.datastax.com/#studio DataStax Studio] Studio only supports DataStax Enterprise clusters. | ||
| + | $ ./bin/server.sh | ||
| + | http://127.0.0.1:9091 | ||
| + | $ pkill -f studio | ||
| + | *[https://hackolade.com Hackolade] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Operator== | ||
| + | *[https://github.com/instaclustr/cassandra-operator Kubernetes Operator for Cassandra] | ||
==驱动== | ==驱动== | ||
| 第274行： | 第299行： | ||
image:32-node-raspberry-pi-cassandra-cluster-02.jpg|Cassandra集群 | image:32-node-raspberry-pi-cassandra-cluster-02.jpg|Cassandra集群 | ||
image:32-node-raspberry-pi-cassandra-cluster-03.jpg|Cassandra集群 | image:32-node-raspberry-pi-cassandra-cluster-03.jpg|Cassandra集群 | ||
| + | image:Cassandra-Kubernetes-Operator.jpg|K8s运营 | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==链接== | ==链接== | ||
*[http://cassandra.apache.org/ Apache Cassandra官方网站] | *[http://cassandra.apache.org/ Apache Cassandra官方网站] | ||
| − | *[ | + | *[https://github.com/apache/cassandra Cassandra @ GitHub] |
| + | *[https://www.datastax.com/blog DataStax Blog] | ||
*[http://docs.huihoo.com/apache/cassandra/ Apache Cassandra文档] | *[http://docs.huihoo.com/apache/cassandra/ Apache Cassandra文档] | ||
*[http://docs.datastax.com/en/ DataStax Cassandra文档] | *[http://docs.datastax.com/en/ DataStax Cassandra文档] | ||
| 第287行： | 第314行： | ||
*[http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/cassandra-2nd-edition-book-review 《Cassandra权威指南》第二版书评及访谈] | *[http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/cassandra-2nd-edition-book-review 《Cassandra权威指南》第二版书评及访谈] | ||
| − | + | [[category:database]] | |
[[category:NoSQL]] | [[category:NoSQL]] | ||
[[category:java]] | [[category:java]] | ||
2021年8月20日 (五) 05:17的最后版本
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您可以在Wikipedia上了解到此条目的英文信息 Apache Cassandra Thanks, Wikipedia. |
Apache Cassandra是一套开源分布式Key-Value存储系统。它最初由Facebook开发，用于储存特别大的数据。Facebook目前在使用此系统。
目录 |
[编辑] 理论基础
- peer-to-peer、环形架构基于 Amazon Dynamo
- 数据存储模型基于 Google BigTable
- Cassandra: Daughter of Dynamo and BigTable
- gossip protocol
- SEDA
[编辑] 主要特性
- 分布式
- 基于Column的结构化
- 高度可伸展性
2 nodes can handle 100,000 transactions per second, 4 nodes will support 200,000 transactions/sec and 8 nodes will tackle 400,000 transactions/sec。
Cassandra的主要特点就是它不是一个数据库，而是由一堆数据库节点共同构成的一个分布式网络服务，对Cassandra 的一个写操作，会被复制到其他节点上去，对Cassandra的读操作，也会被路由到某个节点上面去读取。对于一个Cassandra群集来说，扩展性能是比较简单的事情，只管在群集里面添加节点就可以了。
Cassandra是一个混合型的非关系型数据库，类似于Google的BigTable。其主要功能比 Dynomite（分布式的Key-Value存储系统）更丰富，但支持度却不如文档存储MongoDB（介于关系数据库和非关系数据库之间的开源产品，是非关系数据库当中功能最丰富，最像关系型数据库。支持的数据结构非常松散，是类似JSON的bjson格式，因此可以存储比较复杂的数据类型）Cassandra最初由Facebook开发，后转变成了开源项目。它是一个网络社交云计算方面理想的数据库。以Amazon专有的完全分布式的Dynamo为基础，结合了Google BigTable基于列族（Column Family）的数据模型。P2P去中心化的存储。很多方面都可以称之为Dynamo 2.0。
和其他数据库比较，有几个突出特点：
- 模式灵活：使用Cassandra，像文档存储，你不必提前解决记录中的字段。你可以在系统运行时随意的添加或移除字段。这是一个惊人的效率提升，特别是在大型部署上。
- 真正的可扩展性：Cassandra是纯粹意义上的水平扩展。为给集群添加更多容量，可以指向另一台电脑。你不必重启任何进程，改变应用查询，或手动迁移任何数据。
- 多数据中心识别：你可以调整你的节点布局来避免某一个数据中心起火，一个备用的数据中心将至少有每条记录的完全复制。
一些使Cassandra提高竞争力的其他功能：
- 范围查询：如果你不喜欢全部的键值查询，则可以设置键的范围来查询。
- 列表数据结构：在混合模式可以将超级列添加到5维。对于每个用户的索引，这是非常方便的。
- 分布式写操作：有可以在任何地方任何时间集中读或写任何数据。并且不会有任何单点失败。
[编辑] 版本
- 4.x
- 3.x：3.9, 3.9 javadoc
- 2.x
What’s New in Cassandra 2.2: JSON Support
- 1.x
[编辑] 指南
[编辑] OS X
brew install cassandra brew info cassandra cassandra -f
bin/cassandra -f
bin/cqlsh
or cqlsh 1.2.3.4 9042 // ip, port
cqlsh> help
cqlsh> describe keyspaces;
cqlsh> use system;
cqlsh:system> select * from schema_keyspaces; // 所有keyspaces
cqlsh:system> describe schema_keyspaces; // schema_keyspaces所有表和表定义
cqlsh> CREATE KEYSPACE mykeyspace
... WITH REPLICATION = { 'class' : 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor' : 1 };
cqlsh> use mykeyspace;
cqlsh:mykeyspace> CREATE TABLE users (
... user_id int PRIMARY KEY,
... fname text,
... lname text
... );
cqlsh:mykeyspace> INSERT INTO users (user_id, fname, lname)
... VALUES (1745, 'john', 'smith');
cqlsh:mykeyspace> INSERT INTO users (user_id, fname, lname)
... VALUES (1744, 'john', 'doe');
cqlsh:mykeyspace> INSERT INTO users (user_id, fname, lname)
... VALUES (1746, 'john', 'smith');
cqlsh:mykeyspace> select * from users;
user_id | fname | lname
---------+-------+-------
1745 | john | smith
1744 | john | doe
1746 | john | smith
cqlsh:mykeyspace> select now(), uuid(), token() from mykeyspace.users;
You have to be logged in and not anonymous to perform this request
vim cassandra.yaml authenticator: PasswordAuthenticator
创建新用户
cassandra@cqlsh> create role huihoo with superuser = true and login = true and password = 'huihoo'; cassandra@cqlsh> list roles;
[编辑] Tools
cd apache-cassandra-2.1.8/tools/bin cassandra-stress help -schema cassandra-stress write n=1000000 // 写100万行 cassandra-stress read n=200000 // 读20万行 cassandra-stress write n=1000000 cl=one -mode native cql3 -schema keyspace="stress" -log file=~/load_1M_rows.log // 写入100万行 cqlsh:mykeyspace> select count(*) from stress.standard1; count --------- 1000000 cqlsh> describe stress.standard1; cqlsh> select * from stress.standard1 limit 10;
[编辑] 系统信息
nodetool --host 127.0.0.1 cfstats cqlsh> describe system; cqlsh> select * from system.batchlog; cqlsh> select * from system.compaction_history; cqlsh> select * from system.compactions_in_progress; cqlsh> select * from system.hints; cqlsh> select * from system.local; cqlsh> select * from system.peers; cqlsh> select * from system.peer_events; cqlsh> select * from system.range_xfers; cqlsh> select * from system.sstable_activity; cqlsh> select * from system.schema_columnfamilies; cqlsh> select * from system.schema_columns; cqlsh> select * from system.schema_triggers; cqlsh> select * from system.schema_usertypes; cqlsh> select * from system.size_estimates; cqlsh> select * from system.schema_keyspaces; cqlsh> select * from mykeyspace.users; cqlsh> select * from system_traces.sessions; cqlsh> select * from system_traces.events;
[编辑] CQL
- Cassandra Query Language (CQL) v3
- CQL: This is not the SQL you are looking for
- CQL for Cassandra 2.x
CQL Java === ==== boolean java.lang.Boolean int java.lang.Integer bigint java.lang.Long float java.lang.Float double java.lang.Double inet java.net.InetAddress text java.lang.String ascii java.lang.String timestamp java.util.Date uuid java.util.UUID timeuuid java.util.UUID varint java.math.BigInteger decimal java.math.BigDecimal blob java.nio.ByteBuffer list<E> java.util.List<E> where E is also a type from this list set<E> java.util.Set<E> where E is also a type from this list map<K,V> java.util.Map<K,V> where K and V is also a types from this list (user type) com.datastax.driver.core.UDTValue (tuple type) com.datastax.driver.core.TupleValue
[编辑] 项目
- Elassandra = Elasticsearch + Apache Cassandra
- Newts is a time-series data store based on Apache Cassandra.
[编辑] C++
ScyllaDB 是用 C++ 重写的 Apache Cassandra，完全兼容 Cassandra.
[编辑] .NET
[编辑] Python
sudo pip install ipython-cql sudo pip install virtualenvwrapper source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh git clone https://github.com/rustyrazorblade/python-presentation cd python-presentation mkvirtualenv tutorial pip install -r requirements.txt ipython notebook
[编辑] MariaDB
- MariaDB的Cassandra存储引擎 允许MariaDB通过标准SQL语法使用Cassandra集群。
- Cassandra Storage Engine
[编辑] Docker
[编辑] Spark
- Zen and the Art of Spark Maintenance
- DataStax Spark Cassandra Connector
- Installing the Cassandra / Spark OSS Stack
[编辑] Hadoop
[编辑] Presto
[编辑] 集群HA
[编辑] 控制台
- Priam (Netflix)
- cassandra-webconsole
- Cassandra Cluster Admin
- Virgil is a services layer for Cassandra
- Cassandra Snapshotter
- CTOP ("Top for Cassandra")
[编辑] IDE
- DataStax DevCenter 已不再更新维护 @ GitHub
- DataStax Desktop
- DataStax Studio Studio only supports DataStax Enterprise clusters.
$ ./bin/server.sh http://127.0.0.1:9091 $ pkill -f studio
[编辑] Operator
[编辑] 驱动
- Apache Cassandra Client Drivers
- Astyanax is a high level Java client for Apache Cassandra
- django-cassandra-engine - the Cassandra backend for Django
- Kundera
- pip install cassandra-driver // python
[编辑] 厂商
[编辑] 案例
目前，Cassandra对于Netflix而言是首选数据库，因为它们几乎满足了Netflix的所有需求。Netflix已经将95%的数据存储在Cassandra上，包括客户账户信息、影片评分、影片元数据、影片书签和日志等。Netflix在750多个节点上运行着50多个Cassandra集群。高峰时，Netflix每秒要处理50,000多个读取和100,000写入操作。Netflix平均每天要处理21亿次的读取与43亿次的写入操作。
- DataStax也为其他各种行业建立了不同版本的Cassandra工具。DataStax已经筹资8400万美元，目前有员工300多人，正准备IPO。埃利斯称，他们已经有500多家客户，包括“财富100强”中的25家大公司。
- 这款数据库曾被Facebook抛弃 现正帮苹果壮大 Apple's, with over 75,000 nodes storing over 10 PB of data.
- SoundCloud's Activity Feed and Real-Time Stats Powered by Apache Cassandra
- Facebook’s Instagram: Making the Switch to Cassandra from Redis, a 75% ‘Insta’ Savings
- Nexgate Chooses Cassandra over MongoDB for their Multi-Master NoSQL Solution
- Urban Airship Utilizing Cassandra to Connect Hundreds of Millions of Devices for Breaking News Alerts
- Apache Cassandra Powers Yakaz for 10 Million Unique Visitors Every Month
- i2O Water Switches to Cassandra from Microsoft SQL Server, Saving Over 100 Million Liters of Water per Day Across the World
- AppDynamics Utilizes Cassandra for App Monitoring and Metrics Tracking
- Coursera’s Adoption of Cassandra
- Spotify是怎样从Postgres切换至Cassandra的？ Personalization at Spotify Using Apache Cassandra, Spotify scales to the top of the charts with Apache Cassandra at 40k requests/second
- RSA migrates from Oracle to Apache Cassandra to protect your online banking
- Gaming dev platform Unity powers up with Cassandra; migrates away from MongoDB for a scalable low latency solution
- Coursera migrates to the top of the class; moves their over 9 million students to Cassandra for an always on, on-demand classroom
- Multimedia messaging app Cubie is ready to grow, worry free, with Apache Cassandra
- Multi-Datacenter Cassandra on 32 Raspberry Pi’s
[编辑] 迁移
数据库迁移
- MySQL to Cassandra Migrations
- Oracle to Cassandra Migrations
- MongoDB to Cassandra Migrations
- HBase to Cassandra Migrations
- Redis to Cassandra Migrations
[编辑] 文档
- Delivering Meaning In NearReal Time At High Velocity & Massive Scale
- An Introduction to Real-Time Analytics with Cassandra and Hadoop
- Cassandra Data Modeling Best Practices at eBay Cassandra at eBay Cassandra Scale at eBay
[编辑] 图集
Column
Row
Column family
Keyspace
Super
CFS文件系统
虚拟节点
Cassandra+Kafka+Akka
OpsCenter架构
DevCenter
个性化推荐引擎
RabbitMQ-Storm-Cassandra实时分析
实时分析集成Esper
微服务平台
写路径
读路径
关系型和Cassandra
Cassandra中的表
与关系型对比
eBay用户模型
eBay用户模型
分布式索引
多数据中心一致性
Gossip反熵算法
Keyspace
Keyspace多数据中心
Cassandra+Spark分析数据中心
JConsole
Gartner魔力象限
RDBMS模型
Cassandra模型
MariaDB存储引擎
Cassandra集群
Cassandra集群
Cassandra集群
Cassandra集群
K8s运营
[编辑] 链接
分享您的观点
