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OCaml
来自开放百科 - 灰狐
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[[ML]] 家族的两个主要的方言是 Standard ML 和 OCaml。 | [[ML]] 家族的两个主要的方言是 Standard ML 和 OCaml。 | ||
| − | == | + | ==功能== |
| − | *[https:// | + | OCaml拥有的语言特性： |
| + | *垃圾回收（garbage collection） | ||
| + | *首类函数（first-class functions）可以像常规的值一样传递 | ||
| + | *静态类型检查（static type-checking） | ||
| + | *参数化多态（parametric polymorphism）允许构造抽象涵盖不同数据类型，类似 [[C Sharp|C#]] 泛型和 [[C++]] 模板特性 | ||
| + | *支持不可变编程（immutable programming） | ||
| + | *自动类型推断（automaticc type inference） | ||
| + | *通过[https://v2.ocaml.org/manual/gadts-tutorial.html 通用代数数学类型（Generalized algebraic datatypes）GADTs] 和模式匹配（pattern matching）定义和管理复杂数据结构 | ||
==指南== | ==指南== | ||
[https://ocamlverse.github.io/ OCamlverse] Documenting everything about OCaml | [https://ocamlverse.github.io/ OCamlverse] Documenting everything about OCaml | ||
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| + | Windows | ||
| + | [https://protz.github.io/ocaml-installer/ OCaml on Windows] | ||
完成第一个OCaml程序，Hello World!，创建test.ml文件，包含： | 完成第一个OCaml程序，Hello World!，创建test.ml文件，包含： | ||
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==项目== | ==项目== | ||
[https://github.com/rizo/awesome-ocaml Awesome OCaml] [[image:awesome.png]] | [https://github.com/rizo/awesome-ocaml Awesome OCaml] [[image:awesome.png]] | ||
| + | [[文件:FStarLang-logo.png|right|FStarLang]] | ||
*[https://github.com/ocaml/ocaml OCaml @ GitHub] | *[https://github.com/ocaml/ocaml OCaml @ GitHub] | ||
*[https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/ecosystem.html OCaml ecosystem] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/compilers.html Compilers, Typecheckers, and Parsers] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/security.html Security and Cryptography] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/static_analysis.html Static Analysis] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/testing.html Testing] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/software_verification.html Formal Software Verification] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/protocols.html Protocols] | *[https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/ecosystem.html OCaml ecosystem] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/compilers.html Compilers, Typecheckers, and Parsers] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/security.html Security and Cryptography] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/static_analysis.html Static Analysis] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/testing.html Testing] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/software_verification.html Formal Software Verification] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/protocols.html Protocols] | ||
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*[https://github.com/OCamlPro OCamlPro] | *[https://github.com/OCamlPro OCamlPro] | ||
*[https://github.com/ocamllabs/ OCaml Labs] | *[https://github.com/ocamllabs/ OCaml Labs] | ||
| + | *[[F*]] A Proof-oriented Programming Language | ||
| + | *[https://github.com/jrh13/hol-light/ The HOL Light theorem prover] | ||
*[https://dune.build/ Dune] is a build system for OCaml projects with support for [[Reason]] and [[Coq]] | *[https://dune.build/ Dune] is a build system for OCaml projects with support for [[Reason]] and [[Coq]] | ||
*[https://github.com/ocsigen Ocsigen] Multi-tier programming for Web and mobile apps | *[https://github.com/ocsigen Ocsigen] Multi-tier programming for Web and mobile apps | ||
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*[https://github.com/facebook/infer Infer] is a static analysis tool for Java, Objective-C and C, written in OCaml. | *[https://github.com/facebook/infer Infer] is a static analysis tool for Java, Objective-C and C, written in OCaml. | ||
*[https://github.com/facebook/pfff pfff] Tools for code analysis, visualizations, or style-preserving source transformation. | *[https://github.com/facebook/pfff pfff] Tools for code analysis, visualizations, or style-preserving source transformation. | ||
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==文档== | ==文档== | ||
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*[https://github.com/ocamllabs/compiler-hacking/wiki/Compiler-or-Language-projects-to-work-on Compiler or Language projects to work on] | *[https://github.com/ocamllabs/compiler-hacking/wiki/Compiler-or-Language-projects-to-work-on Compiler or Language projects to work on] | ||
*[https://www.zhihu.com/people/hongbo_zhang 张宏波] 前[https://github.com/ocaml OCaml编译器]核心作者, [https://github.com/bloomberg/bucklescript BuckleScript] 作者。 | *[https://www.zhihu.com/people/hongbo_zhang 张宏波] 前[https://github.com/ocaml OCaml编译器]核心作者, [https://github.com/bloomberg/bucklescript BuckleScript] 作者。 | ||
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| + | ==课程== | ||
| + | *[https://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs3110/2014sp/lecture_notes.php CS 3110 Spring 2014 :: Data Structures and Functional Programming] | ||
==用户== | ==用户== | ||
2022年10月19日 (三) 02:33的最后版本
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您可以在Wikipedia上了解到此条目的英文信息 OCaml Thanks, Wikipedia. |
OCaml
目录 |
[编辑] 简介
OCaml，最早称为 Objective Caml，是 Caml 编程语言的主要实现，由 Xavier Leroy，Jérôme Vouillon，Damien Doligez，Didier Rémy 及其他人于1996年创立，OCaml 是开放源代码项目（LGPLv2.1）。
OCaml 一般用于编译器、程序分析、金融交易、虚拟机等方面。它是 Jane Street 的核心语言，重点是用它写实时交易系统会很赚钱。
F#，Microsoft .NET平台上 OCaml 风格的编程语言。
ML 家族的两个主要的方言是 Standard ML 和 OCaml。
[编辑] 功能
OCaml拥有的语言特性：
- 垃圾回收（garbage collection）
- 首类函数（first-class functions）可以像常规的值一样传递
- 静态类型检查（static type-checking）
- 参数化多态（parametric polymorphism）允许构造抽象涵盖不同数据类型，类似 C# 泛型和 C++ 模板特性
- 支持不可变编程（immutable programming）
- 自动类型推断（automaticc type inference）
- 通过通用代数数学类型（Generalized algebraic datatypes）GADTs 和模式匹配（pattern matching）定义和管理复杂数据结构
[编辑] 指南
OCamlverse Documenting everything about OCaml
Windows OCaml on Windows
完成第一个OCaml程序，Hello World!，创建test.ml文件，包含：
let _=print_endline "hello world!"
编译 test.ml
ocamlc test.ml -o test // Byte-code编译 或 ocamlopt test.ml -o test // Native-code编译 ./test
REPL
$ ocmal 或 $ utop // eval $(opam config env) utop # let () = print_endline "Hello OCaml World!";; Hello OCaml World!
类型
utop # (1, "str1", 2.);; // 元组tuple
- : int * string * float = (1, "str1", 2.)
utop # [1; 2; 3];; // 列表list
- : int list = [1; 2; 3]
utop # [|1; 2; 3|];; 数组array
- : int array = [|1; 2; 3|]
utop # type vec2 = { x : float; y : float };; //记录record
type vec2 = { x : float; y : float; }
[编辑] 常见问题
Error: Unbound module Core
vim ~/.ocamlinit 加入以下内容，并重新运行utop
#use "topfind" #camlp4o #thread #require "core.top" #require "core.syntax"
-bash: ocamlfind: command not found
eval $(opam config env)
[编辑] 项目
- OCaml @ GitHub
- OCaml ecosystem Compilers, Typecheckers, and Parsers Security and Cryptography Static Analysis Testing Formal Software Verification Protocols
- OCaml Forge Deprecating the Forge in 2017
- OCamlPro
- OCaml Labs
- F* A Proof-oriented Programming Language
- The HOL Light theorem prover
- Dune is a build system for OCaml projects with support for Reason and Coq
- Ocsigen Multi-tier programming for Web and mobile apps
- Binary Analysis Platform
- Coq Programming Languages and Verification Group at MIT CSAIL
- Liquidsoap Audio & Video Streaming Language
- Owl - OCaml Scientific Computing
- MirageOS 一个用于构建安全、高性能网络应用的库（library）操作系统
- ReScript Compiler
- Reason 是一门基于 OCaml 强大类型系统的编程语言，并拥有让 JavaScript 和 C 语言家族开发者所熟悉的语法。
- esy Easy package management for native Reason, OCaml and more
- aeternity Sophia is a Ocaml-like language with syntax mostly resembling that of Reason.
- Irmin数据库
- ocaml-cohttp 非常轻量的HTTP server
- ocaml-dns DNS协议的OCaml实现 和 jitsu DNS Server
- datakit from Docker team.
- vpnkit from Docker team.
- Real World OCaml
- ocsigen
- Haxe
- DataKit -- Orchestrate applications using a Git-like dataflow
- Unison File Synchronizer
- Deep learning experiments in OCaml TensorFlow OCaml bindings
- Ledger Theory Coq开发的轻量级加密账本理论
Jane Street 开源的 Ocaml 项目
- Jane Street @ GitHub
- Jane Street Capital's standard library overlay
- Hardcaml is an OCaml library for designing hardware.
- Incr_dom: a library for writing dynamic web-apps A tutorial for building web applications with Incr_dom
Facebook 开源的 OCaml 项目
- Hack is a programming language for HHVM
- flow Adds static typing to JavaScript to improve developer productivity and code quality.
- Reason: Build Systems Rapidly
- Infer is a static analysis tool for Java, Objective-C and C, written in OCaml.
- pfff Tools for code analysis, visualizations, or style-preserving source transformation.
[编辑] 文档
- Owl Online Tutorials FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING MEETS DATA SCIENCE
- Xen and the art of OCaml
- Some uses of Caml in industry
- Why FP matters to Credit Suisse
- Caml Trader:Adventures of a functional programmer on Wall Street
[编辑] 书籍
- Real World OCaml 在线阅读
- Developing applications with Objective Caml
- OCaml Scientific Computing
- More OCaml: Algorithms, Methods & Diversions
[编辑] 开发
[编辑] 课程
[编辑] 用户
- Esper
- Jane Street是OCaml最大的用户 知乎上的一些信息 at github Why doesn't Jane Street switch from Ocaml to F#?
- Citrix
- Lexifi
[编辑] 图集
LexiFi IDE
owl架构
owl库
OCaml编译器
[编辑] 链接
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