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Android
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− | [[Image: | + | [[Image:Android-90x90.png|right]] |
+ | |||
由 Google 牵头,携手国际上多家领先的移动服务提供商(包括中国移动通信、日本的DoCoMo) 共同组建开放手机联盟, 并推出 Android 综合移动设备平台。这是一个基于 Linux 的移动应用创新平台。同时也推出 Android SDK 软件开发工具包,开发者们可以利用 SDK 工具包开发基于 Android 平台的新应用。Google也正式宣布举办总奖金为 1000 万美元的 Android 开发者大赛,邀请开发者们为 Android 平台开发移动应用。 | 由 Google 牵头,携手国际上多家领先的移动服务提供商(包括中国移动通信、日本的DoCoMo) 共同组建开放手机联盟, 并推出 Android 综合移动设备平台。这是一个基于 Linux 的移动应用创新平台。同时也推出 Android SDK 软件开发工具包,开发者们可以利用 SDK 工具包开发基于 Android 平台的新应用。Google也正式宣布举办总奖金为 1000 万美元的 Android 开发者大赛,邀请开发者们为 Android 平台开发移动应用。 | ||
Android license: Apache V2: [http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20071106-why-google-chose-the-apache-software-license-over-gplv2.html Why Google chose the Apache Software License over GPLv2 for Android] | Android license: Apache V2: [http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20071106-why-google-chose-the-apache-software-license-over-gplv2.html Why Google chose the Apache Software License over GPLv2 for Android] | ||
− | |||
Google 已将战线延伸至无线移动终端,可以预见这将是 Google 广告收入新的增长点。 | Google 已将战线延伸至无线移动终端,可以预见这将是 Google 广告收入新的增长点。 | ||
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* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiD4fGjjXcc Androidology - Part 3 of 3 - APIs] | * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiD4fGjjXcc Androidology - Part 3 of 3 - APIs] | ||
+ | [[文件:Android-Robot.jpg|Android机器人|right]] | ||
+ | ==新闻== | ||
+ | {{SeeWikipedia|Android (operating system)}} | ||
+ | *谷歌决定,从2018年10月29日开始,向使用Android系统的欧盟手机、平板电脑厂商收取每部机器最高40美元授权费。从2019年2月1日开始,任何安卓手机只要在欧洲激活,都要收取授权费。之前欧盟以违反了《反垄断法》给谷歌开出43.4亿欧元(约339亿人民币)的天价罚单。 (2018.10) | ||
+ | *[https://technews.tw/2017/04/04/android-beats-windows-dominates-global-internet-traffic/ 2017年3月,Android全球网络流量和设备超越Microsoft Windows,正式成为全球第一大操作系统。] | ||
+ | *[https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2017/05/kotlin-on-android-now-official/ Google IO 2017 宣布了 [[Kotlin]] 成为 Android 官方开发语言。] (2017.5) [https://www.zhihu.com/question/59988655 如何看待 Google 宣布 [[Kotlin]] 正式成为 Android 的开发语言?] | ||
+ | *Android 超过 Symbian 系统成为全球最大智能手机平台,去年第四季度 Android 手机销量为3290万部,而 Symbian 手机销量为3100万部,一举结束了 Symbian 保持了10年的统治地位。 | ||
+ | *旧金山联邦法院陪审团认定Android实现Java的API命名结构属于合理使用,不构成侵权,最终判Google胜诉。(2016年5月) | ||
+ | *Google在Android 7.0 Nougat中,将专利的JDK替换成开源方案的OpenJDK,以彻底解决Java的专利问题。(2016.08.22) | ||
+ | |||
+ | 更多新闻: [[Blogs/planetandroid|Planet Android]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==简介== | ||
+ | Google将Android部分以Apache v2发布,剩下的Linux内核部分则继承GPL v2许可协议。 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html Android 和用户的自由] 请支持让 Android 自由运动。[[Replicant]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==版本== | ||
+ | *[https://developer.android.com/about/versions/13 Android 13] | ||
+ | *[https://www.android.com/intl/zh-CN_cn/android-12/ Android 12] | ||
+ | *[https://www.android.com/intl/zh-CN_cn/android-11/ Android 11] | ||
+ | *[https://www.android.com/intl/zh-CN_cn/android-10/ Android 10] | ||
+ | *[https://www.android.com/versions/pie-9-0/ Android 9 Pie] | ||
+ | *[https://www.android.com/versions/oreo-8-0/ Android 8 Oreo] | ||
+ | *[https://www.android.com/versions/nougat-7-0/ Android 7.0 Nougat] | ||
+ | *[https://www.android.com/versions/marshmallow-6-0/ Android 6.0 Marshmallow] | ||
+ | *[https://www.android.com/versions/lollipop-5-0/ Android 5.0 Lollipop] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[文件:android-2.2.png|March 15, 2011]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | 根据 [http://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-versions.html Android Developers] 最新统计(March 15, 2011),Android 2.2 成为最主流的版本,占 61.3%。 | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" border="1" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Platform Version | ||
+ | ! API Level | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 6.0 | ||
+ | | 23 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 5.1 | ||
+ | | 22 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 5.0 | ||
+ | | 20 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 4.4 | ||
+ | | 19 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 4.3 | ||
+ | | 18 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 4.2 | ||
+ | | 17 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 4.1 | ||
+ | | 16 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 4.0 | ||
+ | | 15 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 3.2 | ||
+ | | 13 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 3.1 | ||
+ | | 12 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 3.0 | ||
+ | | 11 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 2.3.3 | ||
+ | | 10 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 2.3 | ||
+ | | 9 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 2.2 | ||
+ | | 8 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 2.1 | ||
+ | | 7 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 2.0.1 | ||
+ | | 6 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 2.0 | ||
+ | | 5 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 1.6 | ||
+ | | 4 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 1.5 | ||
+ | | 3 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 1.1 | ||
+ | | 2 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Android 1.0 | ||
+ | | 1 | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Image:android-17x20.gif]] [[Android/4.2|4.2]]=== | ||
+ | 2012.11.13 发布,[http://docs.huihoo.com/android/4.2/ Android 4.2 文档] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Image:android-17x20.gif]] [[Android/3.0|3.0]]=== | ||
+ | 主要面向平板电脑,[http://docs.huihoo.com/android/3.0/ Android 3.0 文档] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Image:android-17x20.gif]] 2.3=== | ||
+ | 2010.12.06 发布,[http://docs.huihoo.com/android/2.3/ Android 2.3 文档] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Image:android-17x20.gif]] [[Android/2.2|2.2]]=== | ||
+ | 2010年5月20日, 2.2(Froyo)版本SDK发布,[http://docs.huihoo.com/android/2.2/ Android 2.2 文档]。 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Image:android-17x20.gif]] 2.1=== | ||
+ | 2010年1月,Android 2.1 发布,[http://docs.huihoo.com/android/2.1/ Android 2.1 文档] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Image:android-17x20.gif]] 2.0=== | ||
+ | 2009年10月26日, 2.0(Eclair)版本SDK发布。 | ||
+ | ===[[Image:android-17x20.gif]] 1.6=== | ||
+ | 2009年9月15日, 1.6(Donut)版本SDK发布。 | ||
+ | ===[[Image:android-17x20.gif]] 1.5=== | ||
+ | 2009年4月30日,官方1.5版本(Cupcake)的Android发布。 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==分发版== | ||
+ | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_custom_Android_distributions 定制 Android 固件列表] | ||
+ | *[http://www.solidot.org/story?sid=50866 Cyanogen 公司]宣布在12月31日关闭所有服务和 Cyanogen 支持的 CyanogenMod 构建设施。CyanogenMod 是 Android 的开源发行版,它的源代码仍然是开放的。社区开发者宣布创建CyanogenMod的分支 Lineage OS,源代码托管在Github上。Lineage OS项目表示将在CyanogenMod的遗产上继续前进。但目前不清楚Lineage在没有外部资金支持的情况下能支撑多久。 | ||
+ | *[https://github.com/lineageos Lineage Android Distribution] [[LineageOS]] | ||
+ | *[[CyanogenMod]] | ||
+ | *[[Replicant]] FSF赞助支持 | ||
+ | *[[魔趣ROM]] 可能是中国最好的安卓开源系统 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Kotlin== | ||
+ | [[文件:android-kotlin.png|right|Android use Kotlin]] | ||
+ | [[Kotlin]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==UI== | ||
+ | [[Image:androidguipsd_v1.0.jpg|right|thumb|Android GUI PSD]] | ||
+ | *[http://www.matcheck.cz/androidguipsd/ Photoshop file with elements of Android 1.5 GUI] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==PC== | ||
+ | 在PC上体验Android | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[LiveAndroid]], a LiveCD for Android running on x86 platforms. | ||
+ | ==iPhone== | ||
+ | [[文件:Gingerbread-on-iPhone.jpg|right|thumb|Android on iPhone]] | ||
+ | 将 Android Port 到 [[iPhone]] 上 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Tools== | ||
+ | [[Image:android-tools.png|right]] | ||
+ | *Android Development Tools Plugin (for the Eclipse IDE) | ||
+ | *Android Emulator (A [[QEMU]]-based device-emulation tool) | ||
+ | *Android Virtual Devices (AVDs) | ||
+ | *Hierarchy Viewer | ||
+ | *layoutopt | ||
+ | *Draw 9-patch | ||
+ | *[[Dalvik]] Debug Monitor Service (ddms) | ||
+ | *Android Debug Bridge (adb) | ||
+ | *Android Asset Packaging Tool (aapt) | ||
+ | *Android Interface Description Language (aidl) | ||
+ | *sqlite3 | ||
+ | *Traceview | ||
+ | *mksdcard | ||
+ | *dx tool rewrites .class bytecode into Android bytecode (stored in .dex files.) | ||
+ | *UI/Application Exerciser Monkey | ||
+ | *android script | ||
+ | *zipalign: An important .apk optimization tool. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Code== | ||
+ | The source is approximentely 2.1GB in size. You will need 6GB free to complete the build. | ||
+ | *http://source.android.com/ | ||
+ | *http://android.git.kernel.org/ | ||
+ | *[http://www.htcdev.com/devcenter/downloads HTC Android Phones Kernel Source Code] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==News== | ||
+ | *[http://cn.engadget.com/2009/02/01/fujitsu-android/ 富士通Fujitsu启动Android服务计划] | ||
==Features== | ==Features== | ||
− | |||
* Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components | * Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components | ||
− | * Dalvik | + | * [[Dalvik Virtual Machine]] optimized for mobile devices |
* Integrated browser based on the open source [[WebKit]] engine | * Integrated browser based on the open source [[WebKit]] engine | ||
− | * Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware acceleration optional) | + | * Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics based on the [[OpenGL ES]] 1.0 specification (hardware acceleration optional) |
* [[SQLite]] for structured data storage | * [[SQLite]] for structured data storage | ||
− | * Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF) | + | * Media Libraries based on PacketVideo's [[OpenCORE]]. Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF) |
* GSM Telephony (hardware dependent) | * GSM Telephony (hardware dependent) | ||
* Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent) | * Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent) | ||
* Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent) | * Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent) | ||
* Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the [[Eclipse]] IDE | * Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the [[Eclipse]] IDE | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==指南== | ||
+ | 新的安装方式, 先下载SDK, 然后在选择相应版本的软件包: | ||
+ | |||
+ | 因为有墙, 所以需Settings里Http Proxy Server:10.159.192.62,Http Proxy Port:8080, 选择如下两个选项卡:Force https//.....using http... 和 Ask Before restaring ADB. | ||
+ | |||
+ | install sdk | ||
+ | export PATH=${PATH}:<your_sdk_dir>/tools | ||
+ | Installing the Eclipse Plugin (ADT) | ||
+ | Help > Software Updates > Find and Install. | ||
+ | New Remote Site. | ||
+ | https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | 给模拟器加http_proxy,解决上网问题 | ||
+ | adb shell | ||
+ | sqlite3 /data/data/com.android.providers.settings/databases/settings.db "INSERT INTO system VALUES(99,'http_proxy','192.168.1.1:80')" | ||
+ | 然后重启。 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 创建500M的SD卡: tools>mksdcard.exe -l sdcard 500m c:/sdcard.img | ||
+ | |||
+ | 然后加载SD卡:emulator.exe -avd 2.3 -sdcard c:/sdcard.img | ||
+ | |||
+ | 安装apk:adb install fennec-4.0b3.multi.eabi-arm.apk | ||
+ | |||
+ | Android Editor 依赖以下包 : | ||
+ | *[http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/download.php?file=/modeling/emf/emf/downloads/drops/2.3.1/R200709252135//emf-sdo-xsd-SDK-2.3.1.zip Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF, XSD InfoSet, SDO) emf-sdo-xsd-SDK-2.3.1.zip] | ||
+ | *[http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/download.php?file=/tools/gef/downloads/drops/R-3.3.1-200709241000/GEF-SDK-3.3.1.zip Graphical Editing Framework (GEF) GEF-SDK-3.3.1.zip] | ||
+ | *[http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/download.php?file=/datatools/downloads/1.5/dtp-sdk_1.5.1.zip Data Tools Platform (DTP) dtp-sdk_1.5.1.zip] | ||
+ | *[http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/download.php?file=/webtools/downloads/drops/R2.0/R-2.0.1-20070926042742/wtp-R-2.0.1-20070926042742.zip Web App Developers] | ||
+ | |||
+ | 本地下载:http://download.huihoo.com/android/eclipse/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==C/C++== | ||
+ | [[Android NDK]] 让C/C++应用在 Android 上跑起来。 | ||
+ | |||
==Applications== | ==Applications== | ||
− | [ | + | *[http://www.android.com/market/ Android Market] |
*[[Ubuntu Mobile]]: The Android Killer | *[[Ubuntu Mobile]]: The Android Killer | ||
*[[Ambient Music Player]] | *[[Ambient Music Player]] | ||
+ | *[[callmeter]] | ||
+ | |||
==Browser== | ==Browser== | ||
− | |||
[http://labs.opera.com/news/2008/04/10/ Opera Mini on Google Android] | [http://labs.opera.com/news/2008/04/10/ Opera Mini on Google Android] | ||
下载 http://labs.opera.com/downloads/OperaMini.apk | 下载 http://labs.opera.com/downloads/OperaMini.apk | ||
第35行: | 第245行: | ||
{Android home}/tools/emulator | {Android home}/tools/emulator | ||
{Android home}/tools/adb install OperaMini.apk | {Android home}/tools/adb install OperaMini.apk | ||
− | == | + | ==Android Studio== |
+ | [http://developer.android.com/sdk/installing/studio.html Android Studio] 是新的Android开发环境,基于 [http://blog.jetbrains.com/blog/2013/05/15/intellij-idea-is-the-base-for-android-studio-the-new-ide-for-android-developers/ IntelliJ IDEA]。 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==NetBeans== | ||
+ | Google Android for the NetBeans IDE http://undroid.nolimit.cz/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==OMS== | ||
+ | [[Open Mobile System]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==分支平台== | ||
+ | *[https://www.android.com/wear/ Android Wear] | ||
+ | *[http://www.android.com/tv/ Android TV] | ||
+ | *[https://www.android.com/tablets/ Android Tablet] | ||
+ | *[[Android Auto]] | ||
+ | *[https://developers.google.com/android/work/ Android EMM] | ||
+ | *[https://developer.android.com/things/ Android Things] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==项目== | ||
+ | [[文件:Jetpack-Compose-logo.png|right|Jetpack Compose]] | ||
+ | [[文件:Halium-logo.jpeg|right|Halium]] | ||
+ | [[文件:robolectric-logo.png|right|Robolectric]] unit testing framework for Android | ||
+ | *[https://github.com/pcqpcq/open-source-android-apps Open Source Android Apps] | ||
+ | *[https://developer.android.com/jetpack Android Jetpack] | ||
+ | *[https://github.com/robolectric/robolectric Robolectric] unit testing framework for Android | ||
+ | *Android使用[https://skia.org/ Skia]为核心图形引擎,搭配OpenGL/ES。 | ||
+ | *Android以bionic取代[[GNU C Library|Glibc]]、以Skia取代Cairo、再以[[OpenCORE]]取代[[FFmpeg]]。 | ||
+ | *[https://github.com/google/flexbox-layout Flexbox for Android] | ||
+ | *[https://github.com/flutter/flutter Flutter] | ||
+ | *[https://github.com/android/compose-samples Jetpack Compose Samples] | ||
+ | *[https://github.com/halium Halium] GNU/Linux for Android devices | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==图集== | ||
+ | <gallery widths=90px heights=90px perrow=6> | ||
+ | Image:google-android-architecture.jpg|Android Architecture | ||
+ | image:android-software-stack.png|Android软件堆栈 | ||
+ | image:android-common-kernel-branching.png|Android通用内核 | ||
+ | Image:The-android-story.png|Android历史 | ||
+ | Image:AndroidSDK.png|Android SDK | ||
+ | Image:opera-mini-on-android.gif|Opera Mini | ||
+ | Image:ubuntu-mobile.jpg|Ubuntu Mobile | ||
+ | Image:android-in-netbeans.jpg|Android in NetBeans | ||
+ | Image:shenzhen-android.jpg|深圳山寨Android手机 | ||
+ | image:android-life-of-a-patch.png|Android贡献工作流 | ||
+ | image:android-emm-console-and-dpc.png|Android EMM | ||
+ | image:Android-Trusty-Overview.png|Trusty TEE | ||
+ | image:Android-Trusty-Apps.png|Trusty Apps | ||
+ | image:android-jetpack-compose-major-layers.png|Jetpack Compose 的主要层 | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | [[文件:hello-android-680x100.jpg|我是机器人]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==链接== | ||
+ | *http://www.android.com/ | ||
+ | *[https://github.com/JStumpp/awesome-android Awesome Android] [[image:awesome.png]] | ||
+ | *[https://github.com/Trinea/android-open-project Android 开源项目分类汇总] | ||
+ | *[http://android.git.kernel.org/ Android code source] | ||
*http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/ | *http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/ | ||
*http://code.google.com/android/ | *http://code.google.com/android/ | ||
*http://code.google.com/p/android/ | *http://code.google.com/p/android/ | ||
*http://android-developers.blogspot.com/ | *http://android-developers.blogspot.com/ | ||
− | *http://download.huihoo.com/android/ | + | *http://andappstore.com |
− | *http://docs.huihoo.com/android/ | + | *[http://download.huihoo.com/android/ Android开源下载] |
+ | *[http://docs.huihoo.com/android/ Android开源文档] | ||
+ | *[http://www.eoemobile.com/service Android服务] | ||
+ | *[http://www.eoemarket.com Android商店] | ||
+ | *[http://www.eoeandroid.com/ Android社区] | ||
+ | *http://www.chinaup.org | ||
+ | *http://www.cuteandroid.com/ | ||
+ | *[http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2010/02/open_android_or_not.html Android,开源还是封闭?] | ||
+ | *[http://code.google.com/p/vanilla-lephone/ 乐Phone原生姜饼] | ||
+ | *[http://blog.huihoo.com/?p=693 Best Android Apps] | ||
+ | *[https://www.genymotion.com/ Genymotion] Andorid as a Service | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==书籍== | ||
+ | [[文件:iPhone-Anroid-Web-Apps.png|right|thumb]] | ||
+ | *[http://book.huihoo.com/building-android-apps-with-html-css-and-javascript/ Building Android Apps with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript] | ||
+ | *[http://book.huihoo.com/building-iphone-apps-with-html-css-and-javascript/ Building iPhone Apps with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript] | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{comment}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[category:google]] | ||
+ | [[category:android]] | ||
+ | [[category:mobile]] | ||
+ | [[category:mobile operating system]] |
2022年5月3日 (二) 05:03的最后版本
由 Google 牵头,携手国际上多家领先的移动服务提供商(包括中国移动通信、日本的DoCoMo) 共同组建开放手机联盟, 并推出 Android 综合移动设备平台。这是一个基于 Linux 的移动应用创新平台。同时也推出 Android SDK 软件开发工具包,开发者们可以利用 SDK 工具包开发基于 Android 平台的新应用。Google也正式宣布举办总奖金为 1000 万美元的 Android 开发者大赛,邀请开发者们为 Android 平台开发移动应用。
Android license: Apache V2: Why Google chose the Apache Software License over GPLv2 for Android
Google 已将战线延伸至无线移动终端,可以预见这将是 Google 广告收入新的增长点。
有关 Google Android 架构介绍的视频信息:
- Androidology - Part 1 of 3 - Architecture Overview
- Androidology - Part 2 of 3 - Application Lifecycle
- Androidology - Part 3 of 3 - APIs
目录 |
[编辑] 新闻
您可以在Wikipedia上了解到此条目的英文信息 Android Thanks, Wikipedia. |
- 谷歌决定,从2018年10月29日开始,向使用Android系统的欧盟手机、平板电脑厂商收取每部机器最高40美元授权费。从2019年2月1日开始,任何安卓手机只要在欧洲激活,都要收取授权费。之前欧盟以违反了《反垄断法》给谷歌开出43.4亿欧元(约339亿人民币)的天价罚单。 (2018.10)
- 2017年3月,Android全球网络流量和设备超越Microsoft Windows,正式成为全球第一大操作系统。
- Google IO 2017 宣布了 Kotlin 成为 Android 官方开发语言。 (2017.5) 如何看待 Google 宣布 Kotlin 正式成为 Android 的开发语言?
- Android 超过 Symbian 系统成为全球最大智能手机平台,去年第四季度 Android 手机销量为3290万部,而 Symbian 手机销量为3100万部,一举结束了 Symbian 保持了10年的统治地位。
- 旧金山联邦法院陪审团认定Android实现Java的API命名结构属于合理使用,不构成侵权,最终判Google胜诉。(2016年5月)
- Google在Android 7.0 Nougat中,将专利的JDK替换成开源方案的OpenJDK,以彻底解决Java的专利问题。(2016.08.22)
更多新闻: Planet Android
[编辑] 简介
Google将Android部分以Apache v2发布,剩下的Linux内核部分则继承GPL v2许可协议。
Android 和用户的自由 请支持让 Android 自由运动。Replicant
[编辑] 版本
- Android 13
- Android 12
- Android 11
- Android 10
- Android 9 Pie
- Android 8 Oreo
- Android 7.0 Nougat
- Android 6.0 Marshmallow
- Android 5.0 Lollipop
根据 Android Developers 最新统计(March 15, 2011),Android 2.2 成为最主流的版本,占 61.3%。
Platform Version | API Level |
---|---|
Android 6.0 | 23 |
Android 5.1 | 22 |
Android 5.0 | 20 |
Android 4.4 | 19 |
Android 4.3 | 18 |
Android 4.2 | 17 |
Android 4.1 | 16 |
Android 4.0 | 15 |
Android 3.2 | 13 |
Android 3.1 | 12 |
Android 3.0 | 11 |
Android 2.3.3 | 10 |
Android 2.3 | 9 |
Android 2.2 | 8 |
Android 2.1 | 7 |
Android 2.0.1 | 6 |
Android 2.0 | 5 |
Android 1.6 | 4 |
Android 1.5 | 3 |
Android 1.1 | 2 |
Android 1.0 | 1 |
[编辑] 4.2
2012.11.13 发布,Android 4.2 文档
[编辑] 3.0
主要面向平板电脑,Android 3.0 文档
[编辑] 2.3
2010.12.06 发布,Android 2.3 文档
[编辑] 2.2
2010年5月20日, 2.2(Froyo)版本SDK发布,Android 2.2 文档。
[编辑] 2.1
2010年1月,Android 2.1 发布,Android 2.1 文档
[编辑] 2.0
2009年10月26日, 2.0(Eclair)版本SDK发布。
[编辑] 1.6
2009年9月15日, 1.6(Donut)版本SDK发布。
[编辑] 1.5
2009年4月30日,官方1.5版本(Cupcake)的Android发布。
[编辑] 分发版
- 定制 Android 固件列表
- Cyanogen 公司宣布在12月31日关闭所有服务和 Cyanogen 支持的 CyanogenMod 构建设施。CyanogenMod 是 Android 的开源发行版,它的源代码仍然是开放的。社区开发者宣布创建CyanogenMod的分支 Lineage OS,源代码托管在Github上。Lineage OS项目表示将在CyanogenMod的遗产上继续前进。但目前不清楚Lineage在没有外部资金支持的情况下能支撑多久。
- Lineage Android Distribution LineageOS
- CyanogenMod
- Replicant FSF赞助支持
- 魔趣ROM 可能是中国最好的安卓开源系统
[编辑] Kotlin
[编辑] UI
[编辑] PC
在PC上体验Android
LiveAndroid, a LiveCD for Android running on x86 platforms.
[编辑] iPhone
将 Android Port 到 iPhone 上
[编辑] Tools
- Android Development Tools Plugin (for the Eclipse IDE)
- Android Emulator (A QEMU-based device-emulation tool)
- Android Virtual Devices (AVDs)
- Hierarchy Viewer
- layoutopt
- Draw 9-patch
- Dalvik Debug Monitor Service (ddms)
- Android Debug Bridge (adb)
- Android Asset Packaging Tool (aapt)
- Android Interface Description Language (aidl)
- sqlite3
- Traceview
- mksdcard
- dx tool rewrites .class bytecode into Android bytecode (stored in .dex files.)
- UI/Application Exerciser Monkey
- android script
- zipalign: An important .apk optimization tool.
[编辑] Code
The source is approximentely 2.1GB in size. You will need 6GB free to complete the build.
[编辑] News
[编辑] Features
- Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components
- Dalvik Virtual Machine optimized for mobile devices
- Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine
- Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware acceleration optional)
- SQLite for structured data storage
- Media Libraries based on PacketVideo's OpenCORE. Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)
- GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)
- Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)
- Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent)
- Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse IDE
[编辑] 指南
新的安装方式, 先下载SDK, 然后在选择相应版本的软件包:
因为有墙, 所以需Settings里Http Proxy Server:10.159.192.62,Http Proxy Port:8080, 选择如下两个选项卡:Force https//.....using http... 和 Ask Before restaring ADB.
install sdk export PATH=${PATH}:<your_sdk_dir>/tools Installing the Eclipse Plugin (ADT) Help > Software Updates > Find and Install. New Remote Site. https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/
给模拟器加http_proxy,解决上网问题
adb shell sqlite3 /data/data/com.android.providers.settings/databases/settings.db "INSERT INTO system VALUES(99,'http_proxy','192.168.1.1:80')"
然后重启。
创建500M的SD卡: tools>mksdcard.exe -l sdcard 500m c:/sdcard.img
然后加载SD卡:emulator.exe -avd 2.3 -sdcard c:/sdcard.img
安装apk:adb install fennec-4.0b3.multi.eabi-arm.apk
Android Editor 依赖以下包 :
- Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF, XSD InfoSet, SDO) emf-sdo-xsd-SDK-2.3.1.zip
- Graphical Editing Framework (GEF) GEF-SDK-3.3.1.zip
- Data Tools Platform (DTP) dtp-sdk_1.5.1.zip
- Web App Developers
本地下载:http://download.huihoo.com/android/eclipse/
[编辑] C/C++
Android NDK 让C/C++应用在 Android 上跑起来。
[编辑] Applications
- Android Market
- Ubuntu Mobile: The Android Killer
- Ambient Music Player
- callmeter
[编辑] Browser
下载 http://labs.opera.com/downloads/OperaMini.apk android-sdk_m5-rc15_windows\android-sdk_m5-rc15_windows\tools {Android home}/tools/emulator {Android home}/tools/adb install OperaMini.apk
[编辑] Android Studio
Android Studio 是新的Android开发环境,基于 IntelliJ IDEA。
[编辑] NetBeans
Google Android for the NetBeans IDE http://undroid.nolimit.cz/
[编辑] OMS
[编辑] 分支平台
[编辑] 项目
unit testing framework for Android- Open Source Android Apps
- Android Jetpack
- Robolectric unit testing framework for Android
- Android使用Skia为核心图形引擎,搭配OpenGL/ES。
- Android以bionic取代Glibc、以Skia取代Cairo、再以OpenCORE取代FFmpeg。
- Flexbox for Android
- Flutter
- Jetpack Compose Samples
- Halium GNU/Linux for Android devices
[编辑] 图集
[编辑] 链接
- http://www.android.com/
- Awesome Android
- Android 开源项目分类汇总
- Android code source
- http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/
- http://code.google.com/android/
- http://code.google.com/p/android/
- http://android-developers.blogspot.com/
- http://andappstore.com
- Android开源下载
- Android开源文档
- Android服务
- Android商店
- Android社区
- http://www.chinaup.org
- http://www.cuteandroid.com/
- Android,开源还是封闭?
- 乐Phone原生姜饼
- Best Android Apps
- Genymotion Andorid as a Service
[编辑] 书籍
- Building Android Apps with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
- Building iPhone Apps with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
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