Python

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[[Image:Python-logo.gif|right]]
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[[Image:Python-90x90.png|right]]
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Python 是一种面向对象的解释性的计算机程序设计语言，也是一种功能强大而完善的 通用型语言，已经具有十多年的发展历史，成熟且稳定。
 
Python 是一种面向对象的解释性的计算机程序设计语言，也是一种功能强大而完善的 通用型语言，已经具有十多年的发展历史，成熟且稳定。
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[[Image:python-powered-w-100x40.png|right]]
  
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==相关链接==
+
==新闻==
 +
{{SeeWikipedia|Python (programming language)}}
 +
<rss>http://planetpython.org/rss20.xml|short|date|max=8</rss>
 +
 
 +
==简介==
 +
Python是[[Data_science|数据科学]]和[[Artificial intelligence|人工智能]]的交互语言 :)
 +
 
 +
At Google, python is one of the 3 "official languages" alongside with C++ and Java. [http://panela.blog-city.com/python_at_google_greg_stein__sdforum.htm Python at Google], Google Group, code.google.com 等服务基于 Python 构建。
 +
 
 +
[[Unladen Swallow]]: A faster implementation of Python, Google发起的项目, 值得关注
 +
 
 +
将 Python 带入企业级应用: [[Enterprise Python]]
 +
 
 +
==版本==
 +
主要分支：2.7、3.4、3.5、3.6、3.7
 +
*[https://www.zhihu.com/question/19698598 Python 2 和 Python 3 有哪些主要区别？]
 +
*[http://docs.huihoo.com/python/3/howto/pyporting.html Porting Python 2 Code to Python 3] [http://docs.huihoo.com/python/3/howto/cporting.html Porting Extension Modules to Python 3]
 +
*[http://docs.huihoo.com/python/3/ Python 3.x]
 +
*[http://docs.huihoo.com/python/2/ Python 2.x]
 +
* [http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5 Python 2.5] (September 19, 2006)
 +
* [http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.4.4 Python 2.4.4] (October 18, 2006) 
 +
* [http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.3.6 Python 2.3.6] (November 1, 2006) 
 +
* [http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2.3 Python 2.2.3] (May 30, 2003) 
 +
* [http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.1.3 Python 2.1.3] (April 8, 2002) 
 +
* [http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.0.1 Python 2.0.1] (June 2001) 
 +
* [http://www.python.org/download/releases/1.6.1 Python 1.6.1] (September 2000) 
 +
* [http://www.python.org/download/releases/1.5 Python 1.5.2] (April 1999)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==指南==
 +
$ python3 -m sysconfig // 返回非常多的配置信息
 +
 
 +
Python 2.4.4 (#1, Feb  3 2007, 09:56:56)
 +
[GCC 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)] on linux2
 +
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 +
>>> 'Ruby' > 'Python'
 +
True
 +
>>> 'Ruby' > 'Java'
 +
True
 +
>>> 'Ruby' > 'C/C++'
 +
True
 +
有点意思 :)
 +
 
 +
安装 pip3，如 [[Debian]] 环境
 +
$ sudo apt update
 +
$ sudo apt install python3-pip
 +
$ pip3 --version
 +
 
 +
==实现==
 +
*[[CPython]]
 +
*[[IronPython]]
 +
*[[Jython]]
 +
*[[PyPy]]
 +
*[https://github.com/bjpop/berp/ Berp] an implementation of Python 3 written in [[Haskell]]. [https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonVsHaskell Python vs Haskell]
 +
 
 +
==函数式编程==
 +
通过lambda关键字，可以创建很小的匿名函数。
 +
>>> def make_incrementor(n):
 +
...    return lambda x: x + n
 +
...
 +
>>> f = make_incrementor(42)
 +
>>> f(0)
 +
42
 +
>>> f(1)
 +
43
 +
*[http://docs.huihoo.com/python/pycon/2014/decorators-a-powerful-weapon-in-your-python-arsenal.pdf Decorators: A Powerful Weapon in Your Python Arsenal]
 +
*[http://docs.huihoo.com/python/pycon/2014/advanced-methods-for-creating-decorators.pdf Advanced methods for creating decorators]
 +
*[http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/fn.py-functional-programming-python Fn.py：享受Python中的函数式编程]
 +
*[http://program-think.blogspot.com/2012/02/why-choose-python-4-fp.html 作为函数式编程语言的Python] 要翻墙
 +
 
 +
==项目==
 +
*[https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python Awesome Python][[文件:awesome.png]]
 +
*[[Quixote]]
 +
*[[Django]]
 +
*[[TurboGears]]
 +
*[[Twisted]]
 +
*[[ActiveGrid]]
 +
*[[Karrigell]]
 +
*[[webpy]]
 +
*[[Tornado]]
 +
*[[CherryPy]]
 +
*[[Myghty]]
 +
*[[Mako]]
 +
*[[Pylons]]
 +
*[[Anaconda python]]
 +
*[[Zope]]
 +
*[[Plone]]
 +
 
 +
更多: [[Huihoo Python Applications]]
 +
 
 +
==桌面==
 +
将 Python 带入桌面环境：[[PyQt]]、[[PyGTK]]、[[wxPython]]
 +
 
 +
[https://github.com/PySimpleGUI/PySimpleGUI PySimpleGUI]
 +
 
 +
==Web Server==
 +
[[WSGI]] Server
 +
*[[flup]]
 +
*[[Gunicorn]]
 +
*[[uWSGI]]
 +
*[[CherryPy]]
 +
*[[Twisted]] Web
 +
*[https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/mod_wsgi mod_wsgi]
 +
 
 +
==Python应用==
 +
*[[Python and Math]]
 +
*Python 企业级应用 [[Enterprise Python]]
 +
*[[IMDbPY]]
 +
*[[Zenoss]]
 +
 
 +
===Python and Grid===
 +
*[[Python Core]] - http://dev.globus.org/wiki/Python_Core
 +
 
 +
===Python Web Services===
 +
 
 +
*Python Web 服务开发者 - http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-pyth/index.html
 +
==Python IDE & Editor==
 +
*使用 [[Aptana]] 进行 Python 应用开发。
 +
*[[Vim]]
 +
*[[GNU Emacs]]
 +
*[[Eric]]
 +
*[[PyDev]]
 +
*[[ActivePython]]
 +
*[[Boa Constructor]]
 +
*[[DrPython]]
 +
*[[PythonCard]]
 +
*[[ActiveGrid]]
 +
*[[EasyEclipse for Python]]
 +
更多 IDEs: http://wiki.python.org/moin/IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments
 +
 
 +
==pygame==
 +
*[[pygame 1945|1945]]
 +
 
 +
==Python Enhancement Proposals(PEPs)==
 +
PEPs 有点类似 Java JSRs
 +
*[http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333/ PEP 333: Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0]
 +
*[http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249 PEP 249: Python Database API Specification v2.0]
 +
*[http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0361 PEP 361: Python 2.6 Release Schedule]
 +
*[http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3100 PEP 3100: Python 3.0 Plans]
 +
更多 PEPs : http://www.python.org/dev/peps/
 +
 
 +
==Linux==
 +
 
 +
===Python 3 on Debian===
 +
$ curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.9/Python-3.8.9.tar.xz
 +
$ tar -xf Python-3.8.9.tar.xz
 +
$ make -j 4
 +
$ sudo make altinstall
 +
$ python3.8 --version
 +
 
 +
===Python 2.3 on Debian===
 +
from module import * in Python is like use module in Perl; import module in Python is like require module in Perl.
 +
from module import * in Python is like import module.* in Java; import module in Python is like import module in Java.
 +
 
 +
Debian 3.1 安装后自带 Python 2.3.5
 +
>>> import sys
 +
>>> sys.path.append('/home/allen/test/diveintopython-5.4/py') // apihelper.py 在 py 目录下
 +
>>> import apihelper
 +
>>> sys.path
 +
 
 +
===Python 2.4 on Debian===
 +
#apt-get install python2.4
 +
设置环境
 +
export PYTHONPATH = /usr/lib/python2.4
 +
or
 +
wget http://download.huihoo.com/python/2.4.3/Python-2.4.3.tgz
 +
tar zxvf Python-2.4.3.tgz
 +
cd Python-2.4.3
 +
./configure
 +
make
 +
make install // installed to /usr/local/lib/python2.4
 +
/usr/local/bin/python2.4
 +
Python 2.4.3 (#1, Mar  5 2007, 15:20:37)
 +
[GCC 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)] on linux2
 +
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 +
>>>
 +
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/bin/python
 +
 
 +
设置环境, 共存多个python版本, Default python version in Debian
 +
 
 +
===Python 2.5 on Debian===
 +
[[Python 2.5新特性]]
 +
wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.5/Python-2.5.tgz
 +
tar zxvf Python-2.5.tgz
 +
cd Python-2.5
 +
./configure
 +
make
 +
make install
 +
设置环境
 +
export PYTHONPATH = 
 +
 
 +
==Solaris==
 +
==FreeBSD==
 +
FreeBSD 6.1 安装有 Python 2.4.2
 +
 +
==Windows==
 +
http://download.huihoo.com/python/2.5/python-2.5.msi
 +
set path=%path%;C:\Python25
 +
set lib=%lib%;C:\Python25\lib
 +
运行命令行或集成开发环境 IDLE
 +
>>> help()
 +
help>modules
 +
help>sys
 +
help>modules search
 +
help>SearchEngine
 +
help>modules hash
 +
help>hashlib
 +
help>quit
 +
>>>
 +
获得 mod_python , http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/modpython/win/
 +
http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/modpython/win/3.3.0b/mod_python-3.3.0b.win32-py2.5-Apache2.2.exe
 +
会被安装到 C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\
 +
并在安装过程中提示输入 Apache 的位置， C:\apache-2.2.3
 +
mod_python.so 被添加到 C:\apache-2.2.3\modules
 +
修改 httpd.conf
 +
LoadModule python_module modules/mod_python.so
 +
<Directory "C:/myweb">
 +
  SetHandler mod_python
 +
  PythonHandler mod_python.publisher
 +
</Directory>
 +
 
 +
创建index.py文件
 +
def index(name):
 +
  return "Welcome %s" % name 
 +
http://localhost/python/?name=huihoo (OK :)
 +
 
 +
下载 mod_python example
 +
http://www.modpython.org/examples/psp_site.tgz
 +
http://localhost/psp_site/
 +
 
 +
==Database==
 +
DB-API 标准
 +
* [http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249 Python Database API Specification v2.0]
 +
* [http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0248 Python Database API Specification v1.0]
 +
 
 +
===MySQL===
 +
http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/
 +
获得 MySQL-python.exe-1.2.1_p2.win32-py2.4.exe
 +
包安装到 C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\MySQLdb
 +
or Debian
 +
#apt-get install python2.3-mysqldb
 +
>>> import MySQLdb
 +
>>> db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","root","password","mysql")
 +
>>> cursor = db.cursor()
 +
>>> sql = "select * from db"
 +
>>> cursor.execute(sql)
 +
>>> data = cursor.fetchone()
 +
>>> print data
 +
>>> db.close()
 +
 +
===PostgreSQL===
 +
*[[psycopg]]: http://initd.org/projects/psycopg1
 +
*[[pyPgSQL]]: http://pypgsql.sourceforge.net/
 +
*[[PySQLite]]
 +
*[[PyGreSQL]]
 +
 
 +
===Berkeley DB===
 +
*anydbm: Generic interface to DBM-style database modules.
 +
*whichdb: Guess which DBM-style module created a given database.
 +
*dbm: The standard ``database'' interface, based on ndbm.
 +
*gdbm: GNU's reinterpretation of dbm.
 +
*dbhash: DBM-style interface to the BSD database library.
 +
*[[Python bsddb|bsddb]]: Interface to Berkeley DB database library
 +
*dumbdbm: Portable implementation of the simple DBM interface.
 +
http://pybsddb.sourceforge.net/
 +
>>> import anydbm
 +
>>> db = anydbm.open('cache', 'c')
 +
>>> db['www.python.org'] = 'Python Website'
 +
>>> db['www.huihoo.com'] = 'Open Source Community'
 +
>>> for k, v in db.iteritems():
 +
print k, '\t', v
 +
 +
www.huihoo.com Open Source Community
 +
www.python.org Python Website
 +
 
 +
===SQLite===
 +
Python 2.5 内置了对 sqlite3 的支持- http://docs.huihoo.com/python/2.5/lib/module-sqlite3.html
 +
 +
[[pysqlite]]
 +
 
 +
===ORM/Persistence===
 +
*[[SQLObject]]
 +
*[[SQLAlchemy]]
 +
*[[Modeling Object-Relational Bridge for python|Modeling]]
 +
*[[Durus]]
 +
*[[Python Database Objects]]
 +
 
 +
==LDAP==
 +
*[[python-ldap]]
 +
 
 +
==Modules==
 +
[[Python Modules]]
 +
 
 +
==C/C++==
 +
>>> import dl, time
 +
>>> a = dl.open('/lib/libc.so.6')
 +
>>> a.call('time')
 +
1207223740
 +
==技巧==
 +
看一个module包含的函数
 +
import sys
 +
content = dir(sys)
 +
print content
 +
 
 +
==问题==
 +
'import site' failed; use -v for traceback
 +
 
 +
unable to open /usr/lib/python2.3/config/Makefile (No such file or directory)
 +
#apt-get install python2.3-dev
 +
 
 +
==应用==
 +
*http://groups.google.com
 +
*http://reddit.com
 +
*http://www.douban.com
 +
*[http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/3/14/6-lessons-from-dropbox-one-million-files-saved-every-15-minu.html Python 在 Dropbox 的运用]
 +
 
 +
==文档==
 +
*[http://docs.huihoo.com/python/ Python文档]包含3.1.2, 3.1, 2.6.5, 2.5, 2.4.4, 2.4.3, 2.4.2, 2.4.1, 2.3.5, 2.3.4, 2.3.3, 2.3等版本文档。
 +
*Python 研究([http://diveintopython.org/ Dive Into Python)] 
 +
*The Standard Python Library - http://www.effbot.org/librarybook/
 +
*[http://docs.huihoo.com/scipy/scipy-zh-cn/ 用Python做科学计算]
 +
*[http://docs.huihoo.com/python/python-guide/en The Hitchhiker's Guide to Python!]
 +
 
 +
==图书==
 +
*[http://book.huihoo.com/dive-into-python Dive Into Python]
 +
*[http://book.huihoo.com/how-to-think-like-a-computer-scientist-python-version/ How to Think Like a Computer Scientist Python Version]
 +
 
 +
==图集==
 +
<gallery>
 +
image:python-interpreter.png|interpreter
 +
image:mindsdb.png|MindsDB
 +
</gallery>
 +
 
 +
==链接==
 
*http://www.python.org/
 
*http://www.python.org/
−
*[[Python 2.5新特性]]
+
*http://cheeseshop.python.org
−
*Python 2.4.2 Documentation http://www.huihoo.com/python/Python-Docs-2.4.2/
+
*http://docs.huihoo.com/python/
−
*Python 手册(v2.3) (中文) http://www.huihoo.com/python/python2.3tut/tut/
+
*http://download.huihoo.com/python/
 +
*http://www.pygame.org/
 +
*[http://www.woodpecker.org.cn/ 啄木鸟 Pythonic 开源社区] 
 +
*[http://python.cn/ Python中文社区]  
 +
*[http://czug.org/about/python/ Python资源]
 +
*[http://pythonsource.com/ Open Source Software in Python]
 +
*http://www.pocoo.org/
 +
*[http://scipy.org/ SciPy]
 +
*[http://www.infoq.com/cn/news/2014/07/pycon-2014 PyCon 2014：机器学习应用占据Python的半壁江山]
 +
*[https://developers.google.com/edu/python/ Google's Python Class]
 +
 
 +
[[category:programming language]]
 +
[[category:c programming language]]
 +
[[category:python]]
 +
[[category:huihoo]]

2022年3月9日 (三) 05:26的最后版本

Python-90x90.png

Python 是一种面向对象的解释性的计算机程序设计语言，也是一种功能强大而完善的 通用型语言，已经具有十多年的发展历史，成熟且稳定。

Python-powered-w-100x40.png

目录

[编辑] 新闻

Wikipedia-35x35.png 您可以在Wikipedia上了解到此条目的英文信息 Python Thanks, Wikipedia.

自http://planetpython.org/rss20.xml加载RSS失败或RSS源被墙

[编辑] 简介

Python是数据科学和人工智能的交互语言 :)

At Google, python is one of the 3 "official languages" alongside with C++ and Java. Python at Google, Google Group, code.google.com 等服务基于 Python 构建。

Unladen Swallow: A faster implementation of Python, Google发起的项目, 值得关注

将 Python 带入企业级应用: Enterprise Python

[编辑] 版本

主要分支：2.7、3.4、3.5、3.6、3.7


[编辑] 指南

$ python3 -m sysconfig // 返回非常多的配置信息 

Python 2.4.4 (#1, Feb  3 2007, 09:56:56) 
[GCC 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 'Ruby' > 'Python'
True
>>> 'Ruby' > 'Java'
True
>>> 'Ruby' > 'C/C++'
True

有点意思 :)

安装 pip3，如 Debian 环境 

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install python3-pip
$ pip3 --version

[编辑] 实现

[编辑] 函数式编程

通过lambda关键字，可以创建很小的匿名函数。 

>>> def make_incrementor(n):
...     return lambda x: x + n
... 
>>> f = make_incrementor(42)
>>> f(0)
42
>>> f(1)
43

[编辑] 项目

更多: Huihoo Python Applications

[编辑] 桌面

将 Python 带入桌面环境：PyQt、PyGTK、wxPython

PySimpleGUI

[编辑] Web Server

WSGI Server

[编辑] Python应用

[编辑] Python and Grid

[编辑] Python Web Services

[编辑] Python IDE & Editor

更多 IDEs: http://wiki.python.org/moin/IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments

[编辑] pygame

[编辑] Python Enhancement Proposals(PEPs)

PEPs 有点类似 Java JSRs

更多 PEPs : http://www.python.org/dev/peps/

[编辑] Linux

[编辑] Python 3 on Debian

$ curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.9/Python-3.8.9.tar.xz
$ tar -xf Python-3.8.9.tar.xz
$ make -j 4
$ sudo make altinstall
$ python3.8 --version

[编辑] Python 2.3 on Debian

from module import * in Python is like use module in Perl; import module in Python is like require module in Perl.
from module import * in Python is like import module.* in Java; import module in Python is like import module in Java.

Debian 3.1 安装后自带 Python 2.3.5
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path.append('/home/allen/test/diveintopython-5.4/py') // apihelper.py 在 py 目录下
>>> import apihelper
>>> sys.path

[编辑] Python 2.4 on Debian

#apt-get install python2.4

设置环境 

export PYTHONPATH = /usr/lib/python2.4 
or
wget http://download.huihoo.com/python/2.4.3/Python-2.4.3.tgz
tar zxvf Python-2.4.3.tgz
cd Python-2.4.3
./configure 
make
make install // installed to /usr/local/lib/python2.4
/usr/local/bin/python2.4
Python 2.4.3 (#1, Mar  5 2007, 15:20:37)
[GCC 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/bin/python

设置环境, 共存多个python版本, Default python version in Debian

[编辑] Python 2.5 on Debian

Python 2.5新特性 

wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.5/Python-2.5.tgz
tar zxvf Python-2.5.tgz
cd Python-2.5
./configure 
make
make install

设置环境 

export PYTHONPATH =

[编辑] Solaris

[编辑] FreeBSD

FreeBSD 6.1 安装有 Python 2.4.2

[编辑] Windows

http://download.huihoo.com/python/2.5/python-2.5.msi
set path=%path%;C:\Python25
set lib=%lib%;C:\Python25\lib

运行命令行或集成开发环境 IDLE 

>>> help()
help>modules 
help>sys
help>modules search 
help>SearchEngine
help>modules hash
help>hashlib
help>quit
>>>

获得 mod_python , http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/modpython/win/ 

http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/modpython/win/3.3.0b/mod_python-3.3.0b.win32-py2.5-Apache2.2.exe
会被安装到 C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\ 
并在安装过程中提示输入 Apache 的位置， C:\apache-2.2.3
mod_python.so 被添加到 C:\apache-2.2.3\modules

修改 httpd.conf 

LoadModule python_module modules/mod_python.so
<Directory "C:/myweb">
  SetHandler mod_python
  PythonHandler mod_python.publisher
</Directory>

创建index.py文件 

def index(name):
  return "Welcome %s" % name   
http://localhost/python/?name=huihoo (OK :)

下载 mod_python example 

http://www.modpython.org/examples/psp_site.tgz 
http://localhost/psp_site/

[编辑] Database

DB-API 标准

[编辑] MySQL

http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/ 

获得 MySQL-python.exe-1.2.1_p2.win32-py2.4.exe 
包安装到 C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\MySQLdb

or Debian 

#apt-get install python2.3-mysqldb
>>> import MySQLdb
>>> db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","root","password","mysql")
>>> cursor = db.cursor()
>>> sql = "select * from db"
>>> cursor.execute(sql)
>>> data = cursor.fetchone()
>>> print data
>>> db.close()

[编辑] PostgreSQL

[编辑] Berkeley DB

  • anydbm: Generic interface to DBM-style database modules.
  • whichdb: Guess which DBM-style module created a given database.
  • dbm: The standard ``database interface, based on ndbm.
  • gdbm: GNU's reinterpretation of dbm.
  • dbhash: DBM-style interface to the BSD database library.
  • bsddb: Interface to Berkeley DB database library
  • dumbdbm: Portable implementation of the simple DBM interface.

http://pybsddb.sourceforge.net/ 

>>> import anydbm
>>> db = anydbm.open('cache', 'c')
>>> db['www.python.org'] = 'Python Website'
>>> db['www.huihoo.com'] = 'Open Source Community'
>>> for k, v in db.iteritems():

print k, '\t', v 

www.huihoo.com 	Open Source Community
www.python.org 	Python Website

[编辑] SQLite

Python 2.5 内置了对 sqlite3 的支持- http://docs.huihoo.com/python/2.5/lib/module-sqlite3.html

pysqlite

[编辑] ORM/Persistence

[编辑] LDAP

[编辑] Modules

Python Modules

[编辑] C/C++

>>> import dl, time
>>> a = dl.open('/lib/libc.so.6')
>>> a.call('time')
1207223740

[编辑] 技巧

看一个module包含的函数 

import sys
content = dir(sys)
print content

[编辑] 问题

'import site' failed; use -v for traceback

unable to open /usr/lib/python2.3/config/Makefile (No such file or directory) 

#apt-get install python2.3-dev

[编辑] 应用

[编辑] 文档

[编辑] 图书

[编辑] 图集

  • interpreter

  • MindsDB

[编辑] 链接

来自“http://wiki.huihoo.com/wiki/?title=Python&oldid=161317”
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