OCaml

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OCaml is a language of the ML family that inherits a lot from several decades of research in type theory, language design, and implementation of functional languages. Moreover, the language is quite mature, its compiler produces efficient code and comes with a large set of general purpose as well as domain-specific libraries. Thus, OCaml is well-suited for teaching and academic projects, and is simultaneously used in the industry, in particular in several high-tech software companies.
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OCaml
  
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微软函数式语言[http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/cambridge/projects/fsharp/ F#]基于OCaml构建
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[[image:OCaml-Logo.png|right]]
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==Links==
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*http://caml.inria.fr/ocaml/
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==简介==
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OCaml，最早称为 Objective Caml，是 Caml 编程语言的主要实现，由 Xavier Leroy，Jérôme Vouillon，Damien Doligez，Didier Rémy 及其他人于1996年创立，OCaml 是开放源代码项目（LGPLv2.1）。
 +
 
 +
OCaml 一般用于编译器、程序分析、金融交易、虚拟机等方面。它是 Jane Street 的核心语言，重点是用它写实时交易系统会很赚钱。
 +
 
 +
[[F Sharp|F#]]，Microsoft [[.NET]]平台上 OCaml 风格的编程语言。
 +
 
 +
[[ML]] 家族的两个主要的方言是 Standard ML 和 OCaml。
 +
 
 +
==功能==
 +
OCaml拥有的语言特性：
 +
*垃圾回收（garbage collection）
 +
*首类函数（first-class functions）可以像常规的值一样传递
 +
*静态类型检查（static type-checking）
 +
*参数化多态（parametric polymorphism）允许构造抽象涵盖不同数据类型，类似 [[C Sharp|C#]] 泛型和 [[C++]] 模板特性
 +
*支持不可变编程（immutable programming）
 +
*自动类型推断（automaticc type inference）
 +
*通过[https://v2.ocaml.org/manual/gadts-tutorial.html 通用代数数学类型（Generalized algebraic datatypes）GADTs] 和模式匹配（pattern matching）定义和管理复杂数据结构
 +
 
 +
==指南==
 +
[https://ocamlverse.github.io/ OCamlverse] Documenting everything about OCaml
 +
 
 +
Windows
 +
[https://protz.github.io/ocaml-installer/ OCaml on Windows]
 +
 
 +
完成第一个OCaml程序，Hello World!，创建test.ml文件，包含：
 +
let _=print_endline "hello world!"
 +
编译 test.ml
 +
ocamlc test.ml -o test  // Byte-code编译
 +
或 ocamlopt test.ml -o test // Native-code编译
 +
  ./test
 +
REPL
 +
  $ ocmal 或 $ utop // eval $(opam config env)
 +
  utop # let () = print_endline "Hello OCaml World!";;
 +
  Hello OCaml World! 
 +
类型
 +
  utop # (1, "str1", 2.);; // 元组tuple
 +
- : int * string * float = (1, "str1", 2.)   
 +
  utop # [1; 2; 3];; // 列表list
 +
- : int list = [1; 2; 3] 
 +
  utop # [|1; 2; 3|];; 数组array
 +
- : int array = [|1; 2; 3|] 
 +
  utop # type vec2 = { x : float; y : float };; //记录record
 +
type vec2 = { x : float; y : float; }
 +
 
 +
==常见问题==
 +
Error: Unbound module Core
 +
 
 +
vim ~/.ocamlinit 加入以下内容，并重新运行utop
 +
#use "topfind"
 +
#camlp4o
 +
#thread
 +
#require "core.top"
 +
#require "core.syntax"
 +
 
 +
-bash: ocamlfind: command not found
 +
eval $(opam config env)
 +
 
 +
==项目==
 +
[https://github.com/rizo/awesome-ocaml Awesome OCaml] [[image:awesome.png]]
 +
[[文件:FStarLang-logo.png|right|FStarLang]]
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*[https://github.com/ocaml/ocaml OCaml @ GitHub]
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*[https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/ecosystem.html OCaml ecosystem] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/compilers.html Compilers, Typecheckers, and Parsers] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/security.html Security and Cryptography] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/static_analysis.html Static Analysis] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/testing.html Testing] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/software_verification.html Formal Software Verification] [https://ocamlverse.github.io/content/protocols.html Protocols]
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*[https://forge.ocamlcore.org/ OCaml Forge] Deprecating the Forge in 2017
 +
*[https://github.com/OCamlPro OCamlPro]
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*[https://github.com/ocamllabs/ OCaml Labs]
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*[[F*]] A Proof-oriented Programming Language
 +
*[https://github.com/jrh13/hol-light/ The HOL Light theorem prover]
 +
*[https://dune.build/ Dune] is a build system for OCaml projects with support for [[Reason]] and [[Coq]]
 +
*[https://github.com/ocsigen Ocsigen] Multi-tier programming for Web and mobile apps
 +
*[https://github.com/BinaryAnalysisPlatform/bap Binary Analysis Platform]
 +
*[[Coq]] [https://github.com/mit-plv Programming Languages and Verification Group at MIT CSAIL]
 +
*[https://github.com/savonet/liquidsoap Liquidsoap] Audio & Video Streaming Language
 +
*[https://github.com/owlbarn Owl] - OCaml Scientific Computing
 +
*[https://github.com/mirage MirageOS] 一个用于构建安全、高性能网络应用的库（library）操作系统
 +
*[https://github.com/rescript-lang/rescript-compiler ReScript Compiler]
 +
*[[Reason]] 是一门基于 OCaml 强大类型系统的编程语言，并拥有让 [[JavaScript]] 和 C 语言家族开发者所熟悉的语法。
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*[https://github.com/esy/esy esy] Easy package management for native Reason, OCaml and more
 +
*[https://aeternity.com/#sophia aeternity Sophia] is a Ocaml-like language with syntax mostly resembling that of Reason.
 +
*[https://github.com/mirage/irmin Irmin]数据库
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*[https://github.com/mirage/ocaml-cohttp ocaml-cohttp] 非常轻量的HTTP server
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*[https://github.com/mirage/ocaml-dns ocaml-dns] DNS协议的OCaml实现 和 [https://github.com/mirage/jitsu jitsu] DNS Server
 +
*[https://github.com/docker/datakit datakit] from [[Docker]] team.
 +
*[https://github.com/docker/vpnkit vpnkit] from [[Docker]] team.
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*[https://github.com/realworldocaml/ Real World OCaml]
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*[https://github.com/ocsigen ocsigen]
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*[[Haxe]]
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*[https://github.com/moby/datakit DataKit] -- Orchestrate applications using a Git-like dataflow
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*[https://github.com/bcpierce00/unison Unison File Synchronizer]
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*[https://blog.janestreet.com/deep-learning-experiments-in-ocaml/ Deep learning experiments in OCaml] [https://github.com/LaurentMazare/tensorflow-ocaml TensorFlow OCaml bindings]
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*[https://github.com/input-output-hk/qeditas-ledgertheory Ledger Theory] Coq开发的轻量级加密账本理论
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Jane Street 开源的 Ocaml 项目
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*[https://github.com/janestreet Jane Street @ GitHub]
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*[https://github.com/janestreet/core Jane Street Capital's standard library overlay]
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*[https://github.com/janestreet/hardcaml Hardcaml] is an OCaml library for designing hardware.
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*[https://github.com/janestreet/incr_dom Incr_dom]: a library for writing dynamic web-apps [https://blog.janestreet.com/a-tutorial-for-building-web-applications-with-incrdom/ A tutorial for building web applications with Incr_dom]
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Facebook 开源的 OCaml 项目
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*[https://github.com/facebook/hhvm/tree/master/hphp/hack Hack] is a programming language for [[HHVM]]
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*[https://github.com/facebook/flow flow] Adds static typing to JavaScript to improve developer productivity and code quality.
 +
*[https://github.com/facebook/reason Reason]: Build Systems Rapidly
 +
*[https://github.com/facebook/infer Infer] is a static analysis tool for Java, Objective-C and C, written in OCaml.
 +
*[https://github.com/facebook/pfff pfff] Tools for code analysis, visualizations, or style-preserving source transformation.
 +
 
 +
==文档==
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*[https://ocaml.xyz/tutorial/ Owl Online Tutorials] FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING MEETS DATA SCIENCE
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*[http://docs.huihoo.com/cufp/2004-2008/2008/slides/MadhavapeddyAnil.pdf Xen and the art of OCaml]
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*[http://docs.huihoo.com/cufp/2004-2008/2007/slides/XavierLeroy.pdf Some uses of Caml in industry]
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*[http://docs.huihoo.com/cufp/2004-2008/2006/slides/HowardMansell.pdf Why FP matters to Credit Suisse]
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*[http://docs.huihoo.com/cufp/2004-2008/2006/slides/YaronMinsky.pdf Caml Trader:Adventures of a functional programmer on Wall Street]
 +
 
 +
==书籍==
 +
*[https://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B013W98L4C Real World OCaml] [https://realworldocaml.org/ 在线阅读]
 +
*[http://book.huihoo.com/developing-applications-with-objective-caml/ Developing applications with Objective Caml]
 +
*[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/3030976440 OCaml Scientific Computing]
 +
*[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0957671113 More OCaml: Algorithms, Methods & Diversions]
 +
 
 +
==开发==
 +
*[https://github.com/ocaml/ocaml/blob/trunk/HACKING.adoc Hacking the compiler]
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*[https://github.com/ocamllabs/compiler-hacking/wiki/Compiler-or-Language-projects-to-work-on Compiler or Language projects to work on]
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*[https://www.zhihu.com/people/hongbo_zhang 张宏波] 前[https://github.com/ocaml OCaml编译器]核心作者, [https://github.com/bloomberg/bucklescript BuckleScript] 作者。
 +
 
 +
==课程==
 +
*[https://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs3110/2014sp/lecture_notes.php CS 3110 Spring 2014 :: Data Structures and Functional Programming]
 +
 
 +
==用户==
 +
*[[Facebook]]
 +
*[https://esper.com/ Esper]
 +
*[https://blogs.janestreet.com/why-ocaml/ Jane Street是OCaml最大的用户] [https://www.zhihu.com/search?type=content&q=Jane+Street 知乎上的一些信息] [https://github.com/janestreet at github] [https://www.quora.com/Why-doesnt-Jane-Street-switch-from-Ocaml-to-F Why doesn't Jane Street switch from Ocaml to F#?]
 +
*[https://github.com/xapi-project/ Citrix]
 +
*[http://www.lexifi.com/product/technology/ocaml Lexifi]
 +
[https://ocaml.org/learn/companies.html 更多用户]和[https://ocaml.org/learn/success.html 成功故事]
 +
 
 +
==图集==
 +
<gallery>
 +
image:lexifi-ide.png|LexiFi IDE
 +
image:owl-architecture.png|owl架构
 +
image:ocaml-owl-library.png|owl库
 +
image:ocaml-compiler-pipeline.png|OCaml编译器
 +
</gallery>
 +
 
 +
==链接==
 +
*[https://ocaml.org/ OCaml官网]
 +
*[https://ocaml.org/community/planet/ OCaml Planet]
 +
*[https://blog.janestreet.com/using-ocaml-to-drive-a-raspberry-pi-robot-car/ Using OCaml to drive a Raspberry Pi robot car]
 +
*[https://ocaml.org/learn/tutorials/index.zh.html OCaml中文教程]
 +
*[https://caml.inria.fr/ The Caml language]
 
*http://docs.huihoo.com/ocaml/
 
*http://docs.huihoo.com/ocaml/
 
*http://download.huihoo.com/ocaml/
 
*http://download.huihoo.com/ocaml/
 +
*[https://philtomson.github.io/blog/2014/05/29/comparing-a-machine-learning-algorithm-implemented-in-f-number-and-ocaml/ Comparing a Machine Learning Algorithm Implemented in F# and OCaml]
  
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[[Category:Programming Language]]
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[[category:programming language]]
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[[category:functional programming]]
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[[category:OCaml]]
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[[category:ML]]
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[[category:lambda]]
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[[category:Huihoo Foundation]]

2022年10月19日 (三) 02:33的最后版本

Wikipedia-35x35.png 您可以在Wikipedia上了解到此条目的英文信息 OCaml Thanks, Wikipedia.

OCaml

OCaml-Logo.png

目录

[编辑] 简介

OCaml，最早称为 Objective Caml，是 Caml 编程语言的主要实现，由 Xavier Leroy，Jérôme Vouillon，Damien Doligez，Didier Rémy 及其他人于1996年创立，OCaml 是开放源代码项目（LGPLv2.1）。

OCaml 一般用于编译器、程序分析、金融交易、虚拟机等方面。它是 Jane Street 的核心语言，重点是用它写实时交易系统会很赚钱。

F#，Microsoft .NET平台上 OCaml 风格的编程语言。

ML 家族的两个主要的方言是 Standard ML 和 OCaml。

[编辑] 功能

OCaml拥有的语言特性：

  • 垃圾回收（garbage collection）
  • 首类函数（first-class functions）可以像常规的值一样传递
  • 静态类型检查（static type-checking）
  • 参数化多态（parametric polymorphism）允许构造抽象涵盖不同数据类型，类似 C# 泛型和 C++ 模板特性
  • 支持不可变编程（immutable programming）
  • 自动类型推断（automaticc type inference）
  • 通过通用代数数学类型（Generalized algebraic datatypes）GADTs 和模式匹配（pattern matching）定义和管理复杂数据结构

[编辑] 指南

OCamlverse Documenting everything about OCaml

Windows OCaml on Windows

完成第一个OCaml程序，Hello World!，创建test.ml文件，包含： 

let _=print_endline "hello world!"

编译 test.ml 

ocamlc test.ml -o test  // Byte-code编译
或 ocamlopt test.ml -o test // Native-code编译
 ./test

REPL 

 $ ocmal 或 $ utop // eval $(opam config env)
 utop # let () = print_endline "Hello OCaml World!";;
 Hello OCaml World!

类型 

 utop # (1, "str1", 2.);; // 元组tuple
- : int * string * float = (1, "str1", 2.)     
 utop # [1; 2; 3];; // 列表list
- : int list = [1; 2; 3]  
 utop # [|1; 2; 3|];; 数组array
- : int array = [|1; 2; 3|]   
 utop # type vec2 = { x : float; y : float };; //记录record
type vec2 = { x : float; y : float; }

[编辑] 常见问题

Error: Unbound module Core

vim ~/.ocamlinit 加入以下内容，并重新运行utop 

#use "topfind"
#camlp4o
#thread
#require "core.top"
#require "core.syntax"

-bash: ocamlfind: command not found 

eval $(opam config env)

[编辑] 项目

Awesome OCaml Awesome.png

FStarLang

Jane Street 开源的 Ocaml 项目

Facebook 开源的 OCaml 项目

  • Hack is a programming language for HHVM
  • flow Adds static typing to JavaScript to improve developer productivity and code quality.
  • Reason: Build Systems Rapidly
  • Infer is a static analysis tool for Java, Objective-C and C, written in OCaml.
  • pfff Tools for code analysis, visualizations, or style-preserving source transformation.

[编辑] 文档

[编辑] 书籍

[编辑] 开发

[编辑] 课程

[编辑] 用户

更多用户和成功故事

[编辑] 图集

  • LexiFi IDE

  • owl架构

  • owl库

  • OCaml编译器

[编辑] 链接

来自“http://wiki.huihoo.com/wiki/?title=OCaml&oldid=166207”
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