Perl

2007年3月9日 (五) 11:54的版本

When you need perl, think perl.org

最新版：5.8.8 , 下载最新版: http://download.huihoo.com/perl/

开发版: 5.9.4 http://www.cpan.org/src/README.html

Perl 是一种自由且功能强大的编程语言。它被用作 Web 编程、数据库处理、XML 处理以及系统管理等等 — 它能够完成所有这些工作，同时仍然是处理小的日常工作的完美工具。Perl 快速、有趣，而且特别有用。很多人因为需要 Perl 而使用它，又因为热爱它而继续使用它。

Comprehensive Perl Archive Network: CPAN

Windows

http://downloads.activestate.com/ActivePerl/Windows/5.8/ActivePerl-5.8.8.819-MSWin32-x86-267479.msi
将 perl 安装到 C:\Perl-5.8.8\
将C:\Perl-5.8.8\bin 加入 PATH的环境变量
C:\perl -v
C:\Perl-5.8.8\eg\cgi>perl env.pl

创建 hello.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Hello World.\n";
C:\perl hello.pl

模式匹配

#!/usr/bin/perl
$target = "huihoo";
open (INPUT,"<index.html");
while (<INPUT>) {
    if (/$target/){
        print"Found $target on line $.\n";
    }
}
close (INPUT);

Variable Types

my $variables = {
    scalar  =>  { 
                 description => "single item",
                 sigil => '$',
                },
    array   =>  {
                 description => "ordered list of items",
                 sigil => '@',
                },
    hash    =>  {
                 description => "key/value pairs",
                 sigil => '%',
                },
};

Scalars

my $animal = "camel";
my $answer = 42;
print $animal;

Arrays

my @animals = ("camel", "llama", "owl");
my @numbers = (23, 42, 69);
my @mixed   = ("camel", 42, 1.23);
print $animals[0];              # prints "camel"
print $mixed[$#mixed];       # last element, prints 1.23

Hashes

my %fruit_color = ("apple", "red", "banana", "yellow");
$fruit_color{"apple"};           # gives "red"

my @fruits = keys %fruit_colors;
my @colors = values %fruit_colors;

Perl modules

CPAN http://www.cpan.org/ A number of popular modules are included with the Perl distribution itself.

OO Perl

perlboot - http://docs.huihoo.com/perl/perldoc-html/perlboot.html
perltoot - http://docs.huihoo.com/perl/perldoc-html/perltoot.html
perltooc - http://docs.huihoo.com/perl/perldoc-html/perltooc.html
perlobj - http://docs.huihoo.com/perl/perldoc-html/perlobj.html