Python

2010年9月8日 (三) 15:45的版本

Unladen Swallow: A faster implementation of Python, Google发起的项目, 值得关注

Python 是一种面向对象的解释性的计算机程序设计语言，也是一种功能强大而完善的通用型语言，已经具有十多年的发展历史，成熟且稳定。

At Google, python is one of the 3 "official languages" alongside with C++ and Java. Python at Google, Google Group, code.google.com 等服务基于 Python 构建。

将 Python 带入企业级应用: Enterprise Python

Python 2.4.4 (#1, Feb  3 2007, 09:56:56) 
[GCC 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 'Ruby' > 'Python'
True
>>> 'Ruby' > 'Java'
True
>>> 'Ruby' > 'C/C++'
True

有点意思 :)

版本

Python 2.5 (September 19, 2006) - http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5
Python 2.4.4 (October 18, 2006) - http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.4.4
Python 2.3.6 (November 1, 2006) - http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.3.6
Python 2.2.3 (May 30, 2003) - http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2.3
Python 2.1.3 (April 8, 2002) - http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.1.3
Python 2.0.1 (June 2001) - http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.0.1
Python 1.6.1 (September 2000) - http://www.python.org/download/releases/1.6.1
Python 1.5.2 (April 1999) - http://www.python.org/download/releases/1.5

Python框架

更多: Huihoo Python Applications

Web Server

flup

Python应用

Python and Grid

Python Core - http://dev.globus.org/wiki/Python_Core

Python Web Services

Python Web 服务开发者 - http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-pyth/index.html

Python IDE & Editor

pygame

1945

Python Enhancement Proposals(PEPs)

PEPs 有点类似 Java JSRs

更多 PEPs : http://www.python.org/dev/peps/

Linux

Python 2.3 on Debian

from module import * in Python is like use module in Perl; import module in Python is like require module in Perl.
from module import * in Python is like import module.* in Java; import module in Python is like import module in Java.

Debian 3.1 安装后自带 Python 2.3.5
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path.append('/home/allen/test/diveintopython-5.4/py') // apihelper.py 在 py 目录下
>>> import apihelper
>>> sys.path

Python 2.4 on Debian

#apt-get install python2.4

设置环境

export PYTHONPATH = /usr/lib/python2.4 
or
wget http://download.huihoo.com/python/2.4.3/Python-2.4.3.tgz
tar zxvf Python-2.4.3.tgz
cd Python-2.4.3
./configure 
make
make install // installed to /usr/local/lib/python2.4
/usr/local/bin/python2.4
Python 2.4.3 (#1, Mar  5 2007, 15:20:37)
[GCC 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/bin/python

设置环境, 共存多个python版本, Default python version in Debian

Python 2.5 on Debian

wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.5/Python-2.5.tgz
tar zxvf Python-2.5.tgz
cd Python-2.5
./configure 
make
make install

设置环境

export PYTHONPATH =

Solaris

FreeBSD

FreeBSD 6.1 安装有 Python 2.4.2

Windows

http://download.huihoo.com/python/2.5/python-2.5.msi
set path=%path%;C:\Python25
set lib=%lib%;C:\Python25\lib

运行命令行或集成开发环境 IDLE

>>> help()
help>modules 
help>sys
help>modules search 
help>SearchEngine
help>modules hash
help>hashlib
help>quit
>>>

获得 mod_python , http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/modpython/win/

http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/modpython/win/3.3.0b/mod_python-3.3.0b.win32-py2.5-Apache2.2.exe
会被安装到 C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\ 
并在安装过程中提示输入 Apache 的位置， C:\apache-2.2.3
mod_python.so 被添加到 C:\apache-2.2.3\modules

修改 httpd.conf

LoadModule python_module modules/mod_python.so
<Directory "C:/myweb">
  SetHandler mod_python
  PythonHandler mod_python.publisher
</Directory>

创建index.py文件

def index(name):
  return "Welcome %s" % name   
http://localhost/python/?name=huihoo (OK :)

下载 mod_python example

http://www.modpython.org/examples/psp_site.tgz 
http://localhost/psp_site/

Database

DB-API 标准

MySQL

http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/

获得 MySQL-python.exe-1.2.1_p2.win32-py2.4.exe 
包安装到 C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\MySQLdb

or Debian

#apt-get install python2.3-mysqldb
>>> import MySQLdb
>>> db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","root","password","mysql")
>>> cursor = db.cursor()
>>> sql = "select * from db"
>>> cursor.execute(sql)
>>> data = cursor.fetchone()
>>> print data
>>> db.close()

PostgreSQL

Berkeley DB

anydbm: Generic interface to DBM-style database modules.
whichdb: Guess which DBM-style module created a given database.
dbm: The standard ``database interface, based on ndbm.
gdbm: GNU's reinterpretation of dbm.
dbhash: DBM-style interface to the BSD database library.
bsddb: Interface to Berkeley DB database library
dumbdbm: Portable implementation of the simple DBM interface.

http://pybsddb.sourceforge.net/

>>> import anydbm
>>> db = anydbm.open('cache', 'c')
>>> db['www.python.org'] = 'Python Website'
>>> db['www.huihoo.com'] = 'Open Source Community'
>>> for k, v in db.iteritems():

print k, '\t', v

www.huihoo.com 	Open Source Community
www.python.org 	Python Website

SQLite

Python 2.5 内置了对 sqlite3 的支持- http://docs.huihoo.com/python/2.5/lib/module-sqlite3.html

pysqlite

ORM/Persistence

LDAP

python-ldap

Modules

Python Modules

C/C++

>>> import dl, time
>>> a = dl.open('/lib/libc.so.6')
>>> a.call('time')
1207223740

常见问题

'import site' failed; use -v for traceback

unable to open /usr/lib/python2.3/config/Makefile (No such file or directory)

#apt-get install python2.3-dev

联机文档

Python 研究(Dive Into Python) - http://diveintopython.org/
http://docs.huihoo.com/python/
Python 2.4.2 Documentation http://docs.huihoo.com/python/Python-Docs-2.4.2/
Python 手册(v2.3) (中文) http://docs.huihoo.com/python/python2.3tut/tut/
The Standard Python Library - http://www.effbot.org/librarybook/

Online Books

Dive Into Python - http://books.huihoo.org/dive-into-python
How to Think Like a Computer Scientist Python Version - http://books.huihoo.org/how-to-think-like-a-computer-scientist-python-version/

成功应用

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 *http://www.douban.com
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