Python

2020年12月4日 (五) 14:56的版本

Python 是一种面向对象的解释性的计算机程序设计语言，也是一种功能强大而完善的通用型语言，已经具有十多年的发展历史，成熟且稳定。

At Google, python is one of the 3 "official languages" alongside with C++ and Java. Python at Google, Google Group, code.google.com 等服务基于 Python 构建。

Unladen Swallow: A faster implementation of Python, Google发起的项目, 值得关注

将 Python 带入企业级应用: Enterprise Python

Python 2.4.4 (#1, Feb  3 2007, 09:56:56) 
[GCC 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 'Ruby' > 'Python'
True
>>> 'Ruby' > 'Java'
True
>>> 'Ruby' > 'C/C++'
True

有点意思 :)

新闻

您可以在Wikipedia上了解到此条目的英文信息 Python Thanks, Wikipedia.

自http://planetpython.org/rss20.xml加载RSS失败或RSS源被墙

简介

Python是数据科学和人工智能的交互语言 :)

解释器

版本

主要分支：2.7、3.4、3.5、3.6、3.7

Python 2 和 Python 3 有哪些主要区别？
Porting Python 2 Code to Python 3 Porting Extension Modules to Python 3
Python 3.x
Python 2.x
Python 2.5 (September 19, 2006)
Python 2.4.4 (October 18, 2006)
Python 2.3.6 (November 1, 2006)
Python 2.2.3 (May 30, 2003)
Python 2.1.3 (April 8, 2002)
Python 2.0.1 (June 2001)
Python 1.6.1 (September 2000)
Python 1.5.2 (April 1999)

函数式编程

通过lambda关键字，可以创建很小的匿名函数。

>>> def make_incrementor(n):
...     return lambda x: x + n
... 
>>> f = make_incrementor(42)
>>> f(0)
42
>>> f(1)
43

项目

更多: Huihoo Python Applications

桌面

将 Python 带入桌面环境：PyQt、PyGTK、wxPython

Web Server

WSGI Server

Python应用

Python and Grid

Python Core - http://dev.globus.org/wiki/Python_Core

Python Web Services

Python Web 服务开发者 - http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-pyth/index.html

Python IDE & Editor

pygame

1945

Python Enhancement Proposals(PEPs)

PEPs 有点类似 Java JSRs

更多 PEPs : http://www.python.org/dev/peps/

Linux

Python 2.3 on Debian

from module import * in Python is like use module in Perl; import module in Python is like require module in Perl.
from module import * in Python is like import module.* in Java; import module in Python is like import module in Java.

Debian 3.1 安装后自带 Python 2.3.5
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path.append('/home/allen/test/diveintopython-5.4/py') // apihelper.py 在 py 目录下
>>> import apihelper
>>> sys.path

Python 2.4 on Debian

#apt-get install python2.4

设置环境

export PYTHONPATH = /usr/lib/python2.4 
or
wget http://download.huihoo.com/python/2.4.3/Python-2.4.3.tgz
tar zxvf Python-2.4.3.tgz
cd Python-2.4.3
./configure 
make
make install // installed to /usr/local/lib/python2.4
/usr/local/bin/python2.4
Python 2.4.3 (#1, Mar  5 2007, 15:20:37)
[GCC 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.4 /usr/bin/python

设置环境, 共存多个python版本, Default python version in Debian

Python 2.5 on Debian

wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.5/Python-2.5.tgz
tar zxvf Python-2.5.tgz
cd Python-2.5
./configure 
make
make install

设置环境

export PYTHONPATH =

Solaris

FreeBSD

FreeBSD 6.1 安装有 Python 2.4.2

Windows

http://download.huihoo.com/python/2.5/python-2.5.msi
set path=%path%;C:\Python25
set lib=%lib%;C:\Python25\lib

运行命令行或集成开发环境 IDLE

>>> help()
help>modules 
help>sys
help>modules search 
help>SearchEngine
help>modules hash
help>hashlib
help>quit
>>>

获得 mod_python , http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/modpython/win/

http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/modpython/win/3.3.0b/mod_python-3.3.0b.win32-py2.5-Apache2.2.exe
会被安装到 C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\ 
并在安装过程中提示输入 Apache 的位置， C:\apache-2.2.3
mod_python.so 被添加到 C:\apache-2.2.3\modules

修改 httpd.conf

LoadModule python_module modules/mod_python.so
<Directory "C:/myweb">
  SetHandler mod_python
  PythonHandler mod_python.publisher
</Directory>

创建index.py文件

def index(name):
  return "Welcome %s" % name   
http://localhost/python/?name=huihoo (OK :)

下载 mod_python example

http://www.modpython.org/examples/psp_site.tgz 
http://localhost/psp_site/

Database

DB-API 标准

MySQL

http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/

获得 MySQL-python.exe-1.2.1_p2.win32-py2.4.exe 
包安装到 C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\MySQLdb

or Debian

#apt-get install python2.3-mysqldb
>>> import MySQLdb
>>> db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","root","password","mysql")
>>> cursor = db.cursor()
>>> sql = "select * from db"
>>> cursor.execute(sql)
>>> data = cursor.fetchone()
>>> print data
>>> db.close()

PostgreSQL

Berkeley DB

anydbm: Generic interface to DBM-style database modules.
whichdb: Guess which DBM-style module created a given database.
dbm: The standard ``database interface, based on ndbm.
gdbm: GNU's reinterpretation of dbm.
dbhash: DBM-style interface to the BSD database library.
bsddb: Interface to Berkeley DB database library
dumbdbm: Portable implementation of the simple DBM interface.

http://pybsddb.sourceforge.net/

>>> import anydbm
>>> db = anydbm.open('cache', 'c')
>>> db['www.python.org'] = 'Python Website'
>>> db['www.huihoo.com'] = 'Open Source Community'
>>> for k, v in db.iteritems():

print k, '\t', v

www.huihoo.com 	Open Source Community
www.python.org 	Python Website

SQLite

Python 2.5 内置了对 sqlite3 的支持- http://docs.huihoo.com/python/2.5/lib/module-sqlite3.html

pysqlite

ORM/Persistence

LDAP

python-ldap

Modules

Python Modules

C/C++

>>> import dl, time
>>> a = dl.open('/lib/libc.so.6')
>>> a.call('time')
1207223740

技巧

看一个module包含的函数

import sys
content = dir(sys)
print content

常见问题

'import site' failed; use -v for traceback

unable to open /usr/lib/python2.3/config/Makefile (No such file or directory)

#apt-get install python2.3-dev

联机文档

Python文档包含3.1.2, 3.1, 2.6.5, 2.5, 2.4.4, 2.4.3, 2.4.2, 2.4.1, 2.3.5, 2.3.4, 2.3.3, 2.3等版本文档。
Python 研究(Dive Into Python)
The Standard Python Library - http://www.effbot.org/librarybook/
用Python做科学计算
The Hitchhiker's Guide to Python!

Online Books

图集

interpreter

应用

@@ 第87行： / 第87行： @@
 ==Web Server==
+[[WSGI]] Server
 *[[flup]]
+*[[Gunicorn]]
+*[[uWSGI]]
+*[[CherryPy]]
+*[[Twisted]] Web
+*[https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/mod_wsgi mod_wsgi]
 ==Python应用==