Haskell

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Haskell

简介

Haskell，一门开源通用型纯粹函数式编程语言（Apache v2），其特性有：静态类型，高阶函数，多态，型别类，以及单子式副作用等，Haskell 编译器几乎在每一种计算机上都可以运行。

Haskell 具有“证明即程序、命题为类型”的特征。

C++11 的 Concepts、C# 的 LINQ、Java 中的泛型、Scala、CoffeeScript、F#、Python、Swift 等语言都从中受到启发和得到灵感。

Haskell 在工业界有不少应用，最集中的是在金融界的高频交易。

更多应用：Haskell ecosystem

Brief History of Haskell Functional Programming in Haskell: Supercharge Your Coding

Why Haskell

10 Reasons to Use Haskell

版本

GHC Status

支持的语言：

• GHC2021
• Haskell2010
• Haskell98

现状

• 2021 State of Haskell Survey results
• 2020 State of Haskell Survey results
• 2019 State of Haskell Survey results
• 2018 State of Haskell Survey results
• 2017 State of Haskell Survey results

功能

Haskell GHC versus Java/F#/OCaml fastest programs

指南

OS X

OS X安装包安装后，会创建：

/Library/Frameworks/GHC.framework
/Library/Haskell

运行 /Library/Haskell/bin/activate-hs

Haskell now set to:
   GHC      7.10.2
   Arch.    x86_64
   Platform 7.10.2-a

运行 /Library/Haskell/bin/cabal

/Users/huihoo/.cabal/config
/Users/huihoo/Library/Haskell/bin

vim ~/.bash_profile

export PATH="$HOME/Library/Haskell/bin:$PATH"

GHC

• GHC Proposals
• GHC GitLab GHC Team GHC Documentation
• GHC 的 LLVM 部分衍生自 Essential Haskell Compiler(EHC) 项目，GHC Backends Compiling Haskell to LLVM

已安装的 ghc 版本，使用了 Haskell Tool Stack

ls $(stack path --programs)/*.installed
/home/huihoo/.stack/programs/x86_64-linux/ghc-tinfo6-8.10.7.installed
/home/huihoo/.stack/programs/x86_64-linux/ghc-tinfo6-8.8.4.installed

ghci

Try Haskell

输入ghci进入GHC交互模式

ghci> [2,4..20]
[2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20]
ghci> [x * 2 | x <- [1..10]] // 列表推导式(list comprehension)
[2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20]
ghci> [x | x <- [10..20], x /= 13, x /= 15, x /= 19] // 多个谓词(predicate)
[10,11,12,14,16,17,18,20]
ghci> [0.1, 0.3 .. 1]
[0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.8999999999999999,1.0999999999999999]
ghci> [x | x <- [50..100], x `mod` 7 == 3]
[52,59,66,73,80,87,94]

vim factorial.hs // 创建一个函数并保存文件

factorial :: Integer -> Integer
factorial n = product [1..n]
ghci> :l factorial
ghci> factorial 50
30414093201713378043612608166064768844377641568960512000000000000
ghci> :t 3
ghci> :i Int

Package

• Cabal is the standard package system for Haskell software.
• Hackage-Server A Haskell Package Repository
• Stable Haskell package sets
• GHCup Install or update GHC/Cabal/HLS/Stack

项目

Awesome Haskell

• Haskell Foundation
• Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC)
• Applications and libraries
• Haskell Package Repository
• Haskell IDE Haskell language server Haskell IDE Engine (HIE)
• ImplicitCAD
• BlockApps
• Galois, Inc.
• haskoin Bitcoin协议实现
• Language & DSL
• Berp an implementation of Python 3
• Potential x86-64 assembly as a Haskell EDSL
• Hos A Haskell operating system
• Shake build system
• Frames Data Frames for Haskell
• Gitit A wiki using HAppS, pandoc, and git
• IHP is a modern batteries-included haskell web framework, built on top of Haskell and Nix.
• PostgREST REST API for any PostgreSQL database
• Esqueleto a SQL DSL for Haskell
• The Haskell Tool Stack

语言

• Compilers and interpreters Foreign Function Interface (FFI)
• Agda
• Elm语言 Elm Compiler
• Quipper: A Scalable Quantum Programming Language
• Hamler Haskell-style functional programming language running on Erlang VM.
• Eta Modern Haskell on the JVM
• PureScript A small strongly, statically typed language which compiles to JavaScript
• Idris A Dependently Typed Functional Programming Language
• Copilot Stream DSL for hard real-time runtime verification
• Frege is a Haskell for the JVM
• Berp an implementation of Python 3
• Eden Parallel Functional Programming with Haskell
• LambdaCube Compiler for LambdaCube 3D

用户服务商

Haskell in industry

• Well-Typed The Haskell Consultants

STEM

• STEM 教育可分为三部分：入门、进阶和实践，参考：Haskell :: 带类型的函数式编程
• Functional Programming 推荐
• Write You a Haskell Building a modern functional compiler from first principles.
• Functional Programming in Haskell
• What I Wish I Knew When Learning Haskell
• 24 Days of GHC Extensions

文档

• Into the Core Squeezing Haskell into nine constructors
• Haskell中的类型与类型系统
• High Availability - A Development Experience Report
• Redesigning the Computer for Security
• Functional Reporting
• Bringing Haskell to the World
• Common Pitfalls of Functional Programming and How to Avoid Them:A Mobile Gaming Platform Case Study
• Enterprise Scheduling with Haskell
• Programming with Refinement Types An Introduction to LiquidHaskell
• Injective Type Families for Haskell

图书

• 《Real World Haskell》
• 《Real World Haskell》中文翻译项目
• Learn You a Haskell for Great Good!
• Haskell :: 带类型的函数式编程 维基教科书（Wikibooks）

图集

• 

  ghcup tui

• 

  依赖可视化

• 

  Nix Ecosystem

• 

  GHC编译器

• 

  GHC编译流水线

• 

  GHC轻量级并发

• 

  Typeclassopedia

• 

  端口和适配器架构

链接

• Haskell官网
• Haskell Foundation
• Haskell Wiki
• State of the Haskell ecosystem
• Haskell下载
• code.haskell.org
• Haskell开放文档
• GHC 文档 GHC 官方
• 维基教科书：Haskell
• Phabricator @ Haskell.org
• Haskell创始人之一Paul Hudak去世
• Paul Hudak谈Haskell
• 高频交易软硬件是怎么架构的？