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Fortran
来自开放百科 - 灰狐
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* 广泛地应用于并行计算和高性能計算领域。 | * 广泛地应用于并行计算和高性能計算领域。 | ||
* Fortran 90，Fortran 95，Fortran 2003的相继推出使Fortran语言具备了现代高级编程语言的一些特性。 | * Fortran 90，Fortran 95，Fortran 2003的相继推出使Fortran语言具备了现代高级编程语言的一些特性。 | ||
| + | *[https://www.cs.rpi.edu/~szymansk/OOF90/F90_Objects.html Fortran 90 的面向对象概念介绍] | ||
* 其矩阵元素采用列式存储优先（Column first），MATLAB也效仿这点，目前最多使用的C语言则采用行式存储优先（Row first）。 | * 其矩阵元素采用列式存储优先（Column first），MATLAB也效仿这点，目前最多使用的C语言则采用行式存储优先（Row first）。 | ||
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==项目== | ==项目== | ||
[[文件:gtk-fortran-logo.png|right|gtk-fortran]] | [[文件:gtk-fortran-logo.png|right|gtk-fortran]] | ||
| + | [[文件:fortran-wrf-model.jpeg|right|Weather Research and Forecasting Model]] | ||
*[https://github.com/rabbiabram/awesome-fortran Awesome Fortran] [[image:awesome.png]] | *[https://github.com/rabbiabram/awesome-fortran Awesome Fortran] [[image:awesome.png]] | ||
*[[GNU Fortran]] | *[[GNU Fortran]] | ||
| + | *[https://www.openradioss.org/ OpenRadioss] | ||
| + | *[https://github.com/flang-compiler/flang Flang] Front-end for [[LLVM]] | ||
| + | *[[LLVM]] [https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/tree/main/flang Flang] is a ground-up implementation of a Fortran front end written in modern C++ | ||
| + | *[https://lfortran.org/ LFortran] Modern interactive [[LLVM]]-based Fortran [[compiler]] | ||
*[https://fortran-lang.org/packages/ Fortran Packages] A rich ecosystem of high-performance code | *[https://fortran-lang.org/packages/ Fortran Packages] A rich ecosystem of high-performance code | ||
*[https://github.com/fortran-lang/stdlib Fortran Standard Library (stdlib)] | *[https://github.com/fortran-lang/stdlib Fortran Standard Library (stdlib)] | ||
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*[https://github.com/jerryd/gtk-fortran/wiki GTK-Fortran] 用Fortran来实现GUI | *[https://github.com/jerryd/gtk-fortran/wiki GTK-Fortran] 用Fortran来实现GUI | ||
*[[Code::Blocks]] | *[[Code::Blocks]] | ||
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*[https://github.com/Fortran-FOSS-Programmers/FOODIE FOODIE] Fortran Object-Oriented Differential-equations (ODE, PDE) Integration Environment | *[https://github.com/Fortran-FOSS-Programmers/FOODIE FOODIE] Fortran Object-Oriented Differential-equations (ODE, PDE) Integration Environment | ||
| + | *[[Code::Blocks]] IDE for [https://cbfortran.sourceforge.io/ Fortran] | ||
| + | *[https://github.com/wrf-model Weather Research and Forecasting Model] | ||
==领域== | ==领域== | ||
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==培训== | ==培训== | ||
| + | *[https://www-uxsup.csx.cam.ac.uk/courses/moved.Fortran/ Introduction to Modern Fortran] 完整的幻灯片资料 | ||
*[https://github.com/scivision/fortran2018-examples Fortran 2018 Examples] | *[https://github.com/scivision/fortran2018-examples Fortran 2018 Examples] | ||
*[https://www.cs.rpi.edu/~szymansk/OOF90/main.html High Performance Object-Oriented Concepts in Fortran 90] | *[https://www.cs.rpi.edu/~szymansk/OOF90/main.html High Performance Object-Oriented Concepts in Fortran 90] | ||
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*[https://github.com/tkoenig1/coarray-tutorial/blob/main/tutorial.md Coarray tutorial] | *[https://github.com/tkoenig1/coarray-tutorial/blob/main/tutorial.md Coarray tutorial] | ||
*[https://fs.hlrs.de/projects/par/par_prog_ws/ Parallel Programming Workshop] | *[https://fs.hlrs.de/projects/par/par_prog_ws/ Parallel Programming Workshop] | ||
| + | *[https://www.mcs.anl.gov/~itf/dbpp/ Designing and Building Parallel Programs] | ||
| + | *[https://coarrays.sourceforge.io/doc.html Parallel programming with Fortran 2008 and 2018 coarrays] | ||
| + | *[https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2008/15361-combining-object-oriented-techniques-co-arrays-fortran.pdf Combining Object-Oriented Techniques with Co-arrays in Fortran 2008] | ||
==社区== | ==社区== | ||
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*[https://cyber.dabamos.de/programming/modernfortran/ 《Programming in Modern Fortran》]A HyperText-based introduction to programming in Fortran 2003, 2008, and 2018 on Unix. | *[https://cyber.dabamos.de/programming/modernfortran/ 《Programming in Modern Fortran》]A HyperText-based introduction to programming in Fortran 2003, 2008, and 2018 on Unix. | ||
*《Numerical Recipes in Quantum Information Theory and Quantum Computing: An Adventure in FORTRAN 90》 M.S. Ramkarthik, Payal D. Solanki, 2021 | *《Numerical Recipes in Quantum Information Theory and Quantum Computing: An Adventure in FORTRAN 90》 M.S. Ramkarthik, Payal D. Solanki, 2021 | ||
| − | *[https://www.ce-fortran.com/ 《Introduction to Computational Economics Using Fortran》] Fehr, H. and Kindermann, F.. 2020. | + | *[https://www.ce-fortran.com/ 《Introduction to Computational Economics Using Fortran》] Fehr, H. and Kindermann, F.. 2020.[https://github.com/fabiankindermann/ce-fortran/ ce-fortran @ github] |
*[https://netlib.org/lapack/lug/ 《LAPACK Users' Guide Third Edition》] | *[https://netlib.org/lapack/lug/ 《LAPACK Users' Guide Third Edition》] | ||
*《Modern Fortran: Building Efficient Parallel Applications》 Curcic, M.. 2020. | *《Modern Fortran: Building Efficient Parallel Applications》 Curcic, M.. 2020. | ||
2023年6月22日 (四) 14:50的最后版本
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您可以在Wikipedia上了解到此条目的英文信息 Fortran Thanks, Wikipedia. |
Fortran
目录 |
[编辑] 简介
在数值计算和高性能计算领域，Fortran语言仍然不可替代。
Lisp 和 Fortran 是目前仍在使用中的两门最古老的编程语言。可能更有意思的是，它们在语言设计的哲学上代表了截然相反的两个极端。Fortran 被发明出来以替代汇编语言。Lisp 被发明出来表述算法。如此截然不同的意图产生了迥异的两门语言，Fortran 使编译器作者的生活更轻松；而 Lisp 则让程序员的生活更舒服。
Fortran是高性能计算开发人员使用的一种主要编程语言。在众多领域中，它是首选编程语言，这些领域包括计算流体动力学（包括天气与海洋建模）、有限元分析、分子动力学以及量子化学。
许多流行的高性能计算软件包最初都是用Fortran语言开发出来的，这些软件随着时间的推移不断得到增强。Fortran编译器让开发人员能够以其母语（Fortran语言）进行编程，从而能够重新编译这些代码，以利用全新的性能与架构特性。
[编辑] 历史
- 2017，Fortran迎来60周年庆，Happy 60th birthday, Fortran
[编辑] 特性
- Fortran是为了满足数值计算的需求而发展出来的。
- Fortran语言的最大特性是接近数学公式的自然描述，在计算机里具有很高的执行效率。
- 易学，语法严谨。
- 可以直接对矩阵和复数进行运算，这点MATLAB有继承。
- 自诞生以来广泛地应用于数值计算领域，积累了大量高效而可靠的软件包。
- 很多专用的大型数值运算计算机针对Fortran做了优化。
- 广泛地应用于并行计算和高性能計算领域。
- Fortran 90，Fortran 95，Fortran 2003的相继推出使Fortran语言具备了现代高级编程语言的一些特性。
- Fortran 90 的面向对象概念介绍
- 其矩阵元素采用列式存储优先（Column first），MATLAB也效仿这点，目前最多使用的C语言则采用行式存储优先（Row first）。
[编辑] 标准
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG5 (Fortran)- WG5工作组负责开发和维护Fortran语言标准
主要版本：Fortran 77, 90, 95, 2003, 2008, 2018, 2023
- Fortran Proposals
- Draft Fortran 2023 J3/22-007r1
- Fortran 2018
- Fortran 2015 Fortran 2008的增强：与C的互操作和并行处理。
- Fortran 2008 新功能：Co-array Fortran –并行处理模式，BIT数据类型
- Fortran 2003 标准引入了与C的标准接口。标准委员会的这个决定释放出明确的信息：Fortran只是作为底层计算密集型任务的编程语言，上层的UI， IO还是由C/C++来做吧。Fortran2015标准将强化与C/C++的接口功能。
- Fortran 95
- Fortran 90
- Fortran 77 1980年，Fortran 77被ISO接纳为国际标准。
- Fortran 66
[编辑] Fortran包
Fortran Package：List of Fortran numerical libraries
- IMSL--国际数学和统计链接库
- MKL--Intel数学核心库
- NAG--NAG数学库
- BLAS--Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines
- LAPACK--Linear Algebra PACKage
- NAG (Numerical Algorithms Group)
[编辑] HPF
High Performance Fortran（有时简称：HPF）是一种编程语言，它延伸自Fortran 90编程语言，高效能Fortran是为了支援并行计算所创设的编程语言，它使用一种SIMD的运算型态，使运算工作能够进行分拆，并以扩散方式发派到运算阵列中的各颗处理器上，以此达到高效能运算。
HPF有一种forall语法可以同时更新并行计算中的整组阵列派项，这项语法自Fortran 95之后开始具备，除此之外forall语法也提供建议（或称：提示、指点），建议在并行计算系统中处理器间应如何协同工作。
Internet Parallel Computing Archive
[编辑] 项目
- Awesome Fortran
- GNU Fortran
- OpenRadioss
- Flang Front-end for LLVM
- LLVM Flang is a ground-up implementation of a Fortran front end written in modern C++
- LFortran Modern interactive LLVM-based Fortran compiler
- Fortran Packages A rich ecosystem of high-performance code
- Fortran Standard Library (stdlib)
- Fortran Package Manager (fpm) conda-forge
- Fortran.io An MVC web stack written in Fortran 90
- functional-fortran Functional programming for modern Fortran.
- Fortran Math Libs
- Lapack @ GitHub
- OpenBLAS
- GTK-Fortran 用Fortran来实现GUI
- Code::Blocks
- FOODIE Fortran Object-Oriented Differential-equations (ODE, PDE) Integration Environment
- Code::Blocks IDE for Fortran
- Weather Research and Forecasting Model
[编辑] 领域
[编辑] GPU
[编辑] 培训
- Introduction to Modern Fortran 完整的幻灯片资料
- Fortran 2018 Examples
- High Performance Object-Oriented Concepts in Fortran 90
- Modern Fortran Programming for Chemists and Physicists
- Coarray tutorial
- Parallel Programming Workshop
- Designing and Building Parallel Programs
- Parallel programming with Fortran 2008 and 2018 coarrays
- Combining Object-Oriented Techniques with Co-arrays in Fortran 2008
[编辑] 社区
[编辑] 书籍
- 《Programming in Modern Fortran》A HyperText-based introduction to programming in Fortran 2003, 2008, and 2018 on Unix.
- 《Numerical Recipes in Quantum Information Theory and Quantum Computing: An Adventure in FORTRAN 90》 M.S. Ramkarthik, Payal D. Solanki, 2021
- 《Introduction to Computational Economics Using Fortran》 Fehr, H. and Kindermann, F.. 2020.ce-fortran @ github
- 《LAPACK Users' Guide Third Edition》
- 《Modern Fortran: Building Efficient Parallel Applications》 Curcic, M.. 2020.
- 《Modern Fortran Explained Incorporating Fortran 2018》 Michael Metcalf, John Reid, and Malcolm Cohen
- 《Fortran for Scientists and Engineers Fourth Edition》 Stephen J. Chapman
- 《Fortran 2018 with Parallel Programming》 Subrata Ray
- 《 Parallel Programming with Co-arrays》Numrich, R. W.. 2018.
- 《Numerical Methods of Mathematics Implemented in Fortran》 Bose, Sujit Kumar
- 《Scientific Software Development with Fortran》 Dr. Drew A. McCormack
- 《FORTRAN程序设计权威指南》 白海波
[编辑] 图集
第一本Fortran书籍
PGI Visual Fortran 2008(高性能Fortran编译器)
gtk-fortran
[编辑] 链接
- Fortran Programming Language
- Fortran 90
- Fortran Wiki
- The Fortran Company
- Fortranplus 出版了《Introduction to Programming with Fortran Fourth Edition》Springer 2018
- FORTRAN等计算机高级编程语言的发展历程
- 知乎专栏: 现代化的Fortran
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