Apache HTTP Server

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Apache HTTP Server

简介

Apache HTTP Server(也被称为Apache httpd)是Apache软件基金会的一个创建健壮的、工业级的、功能强大的、开放源代码的HTTP(Web)服务器的项目。欲知详情，请查看About Apache页面。

是什么？

• 一个强大的、灵活的、兼容HTTP/1.1规范的web服务器
• 实现了最新的协议，包括HTTP/1.1(RFC2616)
• 具有高度的可配置性和使用第三方模块的可扩展性
• 可以通过使用Apache模块API编写自己的模块进行定制
• 在非限制性许可证下提供所有的源代码
• 可以运行在 Windows 2003/XP/2000/NT/9x 、Netware 5.x 及以上版本、OS/2 、大多数Unix版本以及其它操作系统上
• 被非常活跃的进行开发
• 鼓励用户反馈新想法、bug报告、补丁程序

指南

• 在 Debian3.1 上安装 Apache 2 + PHP5 + MySQL5 debian3.1_apache2_php5_mysql5
• 在 Debian 上安装 Apache2 + MySQL5 + PHP5 + GD + Zlib + libpng + Jpeg v6b + FreeType2
• Install Apache2 On Debian with PHP,Python,Ruby,Perl,MySQL,PostgreSQL

点击 LAMP Install on Debian

• 在 WinXP 上安装 Apache 2 + PHP5 + MySQL5 winxp_apache2_php5_mysql5
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux install LAMP: 已经为你准备好安装包，只需选择安装: Apache,PHP,Python,Perl,SSL...
• WAMP (www.wampserver.com/en/index.php)
• XAMPP (www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp.html)

启用SSL

#apt-get install apache-ssl
or 
/etc/apache2# a2enmod ssl 
/etc/apache2# apache2-ssl-certificate 

creating selfsigned certificate
replace it with one signed by a certification authority (CA)

enter your ServerName at the Common Name prompt

If you want your certificate to expire after x days call this programm
with -days x
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
...............................................................++++++
....++++++
writing new private key to '/etc/apache2/ssl/apache.pem'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:GZ
Locality Name (eg, city) []:SZ
Organization Name (eg, company; recommended) []:huihoo
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:debian
server name (eg. ssl.domain.tld; required!!!) []:demo.huihoo.com
Email Address []:[email protected]

#/etc/apache2/sites-available/ cp default ssl_site
在/etc/apache2/ports.conf 中添加 Listen 443
修改/etc/apache2/sites-available/ssl_site, 将监听端口 改为 443
在配置文件中加入
SSLEngine On
SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.pem

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.22:443> 
  ServerAdmin [email protected]
  ServerName www.mysite.com:443
  DocumentRoot /var/www/mysite

# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
https://demo.huihoo.com:443/

Modules

• mod_pagespeed
• mod_python
• mod_perl
• mod_ruby
• mod_fcgid
• mod_gcj
• mod_xml
• mod_mbox
• mod_pop3
• mod_arm4
• mod_smtpd
• mod_auth_mysql
• mod_vhost_mysql2
• mod_bt
• mod_video
• mod_spin
• mod_xmlrpc
• mod_uno
• mod_uid
• mod_rewrite
• mod_proxy
• mod_status

• http://httpd.apache.org/modules/
• http://modules.apache.org/
• Apache2.2模块索引

问题

503 Service Temporarily Unavailable 当每个IP超过最多设定的连接后就会有下面的提示：Service Temporarily Unavailable The server is temporarily unable to service your request due to maintenance downtime or capacity problems.

解决方法: 将 MaxCoonPerIP 再弄大些。

<IfModule mod_limitipconn.c>
 <Location /debian>
    MaxConnPerIP 25
 </Location>
</IfModule>

[warn] _default_ VirtualHost overlap on port 80, the first has precedence

NameVirtualHost *:80 // 去掉注释

Jetty

• Jetty/Tutorial/Apache

   https                 http
--------->   Apache   -------> Jetty

• Tricks to do client certificate authentications behind a reverse proxy

Module API

Apache Module API

文档

• Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2 中文文档
• Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0 中文文档
• mod_proxy_fcgi + PHP-FPM，Begone mod_php!
• Secure Apache Web Server with HMTL5 and HTTP 2.0
• Apache httpd v2.4: The Cloud Killer App

链接

• 官网
• Apache HTTP Server Wiki